SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date
of Report(Date of earliest event reported):
April 20, 2004
SL GREEN REALTY CORP.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its Charter)
Maryland (State of Incorporation) |
||||
1-13199 (Commission File Number) |
13-3956775 (IRS Employer Id. Number) |
|||
420 Lexington Avenue New York, New York (Address of principal executive offices) |
10170 (Zip Code) |
(212) 594-2700
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Item 7. Financial Statements and Exhibits
99.1 | Press Release | |
99.2 | Supplemental Package | |
99.3 | Registration Statement on Form S-11 of Gramercy Capital Corp. |
Item 9. Regulation FD Disclosure.
The information (including Exhibit 99.3) being furnished pursuant to this "Item 9. Regulation FD Disclosure" shall not be deemed to be "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing. This information will not be deemed an admission as to the materiality of such information that is required to be disclosed solely by Regulation FD.
The Company's newly formed affiliate, Gramercy Capital Corp., filed a registration Statement on Form S-11 today in connection with its proposed initial public offering. The Company is attaching the registration statement as Exhibit 99.3 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
Item 12. Results of Operations and Financial Condition
The information (including exhibits 99.1 and 99.2) being furnished pursuant to this "Item 12. Results of Operations and Financial Condition" shall not be deemed to be "filed" for the purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section and shall not be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Following the issuance of a press release on April 20, 2004 announcing the Company's results for the first quarter ended March 31, 2004, the Company intends to make available supplemental information regarding the Company's operations that is too voluminous for a press release. The Company is attaching the press release as Exhibit 99.1 and the supplemental package as Exhibit 99.2 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
NON-GAAP Supplemental Financial Measures
Funds from Operations (FFO)
FFO is a widely recognized measure of REIT performance. Although FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure, the Company believes that information regarding FFO is helpful to shareholders and potential investors. The Company computes FFO in accordance with standards established by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT), which may not be comparable to FFO reported by other REITs that do not compute FFO in accordance with the NAREIT definition, or that interpret the NAREIT definition differently than the Company. The revised White Paper on FFO approved by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in October 1999 defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from debt restructuring and sales of properties, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We believe that FFO is helpful to investors as a measure of the performance of an equity REIT because, along with cash flow from operating activities, financing activities and investing activities, it provides investors with an indication of our ability to incur and service debt, to make capital expenditures and to fund other cash needs. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of our financial
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performance or to cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.
Funds Available for Distribution (FAD)
FAD, is a non-GAAP financial measure that is not intended to represent cash flow for the period and is not indicative of cash flow provided by operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP. FAD is presented solely as a supplemental disclosure with respect to liquidity because the Company believes it provides useful information regarding the Company's ability to fund its dividends. Because all companies do not calculate FAD the same way, the presentation of FAD may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. FAD does not represent cash flow from operating, investing and finance activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of our financial performance, as an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), or as a measure of our liquidity.
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA)
The Company presents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) because the Company believes that EBITDA, along with cash flow from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities, provides investors with an additional indicator of the Company's ability to incur and service debt. EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of our financial performance, as an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), or as a measure of our liquidity.
Same-Store Net Operating Income
The Company presents same-store net operating income on a cash and GAAP basis because the Company believes that it provides investors with useful information regarding the operating performance of properties that are comparable for the periods presented. For properties owned since January 1, 2003, the Company determines net operating income by subtracting property operating expenses and ground rent from recurring rental and tenant reimbursement revenues. Same-store net operating income is not an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) and same-store performance should not be considered an alternative to GAAP net income performance.
Debt to Market Capitalization Ratio
The Company presents the ratio of debt to market capitalization as a measure of the Company's leverage position relative to the Company's estimated market value. The Company's estimated market value is based upon the quarter-end trading price of the Company's common stock multiplied by all common shares and operating partnership units outstanding plus the face value of the Company's preferred equity. This ratio is presented on a consolidated basis and a combined basis. The combined debt to market capitalization includes the Company's pro-rata share of off-balance sheet (unconsolidated) joint venture debt. The Company believes this ratio may provide investors with another measure of the Company's current leverage position. The debt to market capitalization ratio should be used as one measure of the Company's leverage position, and this measure is commonly used in the REIT sector; however, this may not be comparable to other REITs that do not compute in the same manner. The debt to market capitalization ratio does not represent the Company's borrowing capacity and should not be considered an alternative measure to the Company's current lending arrangements.
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Coverage Ratios
The Company presents fixed charge and interest coverage ratios to provide a measure of the Company's financial flexibility to service current debt amortization, interest expense and ground rent from current cash net operating income. These coverage ratios are provided on both a consolidated and combined basis. The combined coverage ratios include the Company's pro-rata share of off-balance sheet (unconsolidated) joint venture fixed charges and cash net operating income. These coverage ratios represent a common measure of the Company's ability to service fixed cash payments; however, these ratios are not used as an alternative to cash flow from operating, financing and investing activities (determined in accordance with GAAP).
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
SL GREEN REALTY CORP. | |||||
By: |
/s/ GREGORY F. HUGHES Gregory F. Hughes Chief Financial Officer |
Date: April 21, 2004
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420 Lexington Avenue, New York City, NY 10170
CONTACT
Gregory F. Hughes
Chief Financial Officer
(212) 594-2700
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
SL GREEN REALTY CORP. REPORTS FIRST QUARTER FFO OF $0.83 PER SHARE
Release Highlights
Financial Results
New York, NY, April 20, 2004SL Green Realty Corp. (NYSE:SLG) reported funds from operations (FFO) totaling $35.0 million, or $0.83 per share (diluted) for the three months ended March 31, 2004, compared to $32.5 million, or $0.85 per share (diluted), for the same quarter in 2003. The first quarter included a one-time charge related to restricted stock granted to Marc Holliday in connection with his employment agreement and promotion to CEO, which totaled approximately $0.15 per share. Excluding the one-time charge, FFO per share increased by $0.13 per share primarily as a result of contributions from 2003 acquisitions and the $4.2 million gain related to liquidation of a structured finance investment.
Net income available to common shareholders for the first quarter of 2004 totaled $16.0 million, or $0.40 per share (diluted), a decrease of $0.61 per share as compared to the same quarter in 2003 when net income totaled $33.9 million, or $1.01 per share (diluted). The decrease in net income is primarily due to the gain from the sale of 50 West 23rd Street ($0.50), which is included in the first quarter of 2003, the net effect of the aforementioned changes in FFO and additional share dilution.
The Company's first quarter weighted average diluted shares outstanding increased 3.8 million, or 10%, to 42.0 million in 2004 from 38.2 million in 2003. The increase was primarily attributable to (i) the 1.8 million share common equity offering completed on January 16, 2004, (ii) operating partnership units issued in connection with certain 2003 acquisitions and (iii) the effects of stock and option-based compensation.
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Consolidated Results
Total quarterly revenues increased 32% in the first quarter of 2004 to $87.7 million compared to $66.7 million in the same quarter in 2003. The $21.0 million growth in revenue resulted primarily from the following items:
The Company's EBITDA increased by $9.7 million to $47.8 million, compared to $38.1 million in the same quarter in 2003. The following items primarily drove the EBITDA increase:
EBITDA margins (EBITDA divided by total real estate revenue) after ground rent, increased to 66.9% from 63.4% in the corresponding period. The increase in margins were primarily due to (i) the increase in equity in net income from unconsolidated joint ventures ($6.4 million) and (ii) the increase in investment and preferred equity income ($8.9 million). These increases were partially off-set by higher MG&A ($7.7 million) and increased operating costs as a percentage of real estate revenue.
FFO available to common shareholders increased $2.5 million primarily as a result of:
The $5.1 million increase in interest expense was primarily associated with additional debt used to fund new investment activity ($7.8 million) offset in part by reduced loan balances due to previous disposition activity ($1.0 million) and proceeds from the Company's common and preferred equity offerings ($1.5 million).
Same-Store Results
During the first quarter of 2004, same-store GAAP NOI decreased $1.7 million to $26.4 million, as compared to $28.1 million for the same quarter in 2003. The decrease in same-store GAAP NOI was driven by a $1.8 million (7%) increase in operating expenses partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in rental revenue. This increase in revenue was primarily due to:
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The $1.8 million (7%) increase in operating expenses resulted primarily from the following:
Leasing Activity
For the first quarter of 2004, the Company signed 69 leases totaling approximately 279,000 rentable square feet of which 59 leases and 251,000 square feet represent office leases. Starting office cash rents, which averaged $30.98 per square foot, a 2.5% increase over previously fully escalated cash rents averaging $30.22 per square foot. Tenant concessions averaged 1.9 months of free rent with an allowance for tenant improvements of $26.21 per rentable square foot.
Real Estate Activity
19 West 44th Street
New York, New York
On March 20, 2004, the Company, through a joint venture with The City Investment Fund, acquired 19 West 44th Street for $67.0 million from EBS Forty Fourth Property Associates LLC with potential additional consideration of up to $2 million based on property performance. The Company held a $7.0 million preferred equity investment that was redeemed at closing and now holds a 35% equity interest in the property. The venture financed the transaction by assuming the existing $47.2 million first mortgage, which bears interest at 286 basis points over LIBOR, and cash. The mortgage matures in September 2005 and is open for pre-payment in April 2005.
19 West 44th Street is an approximately 292,000 square foot office building located between Fifth Avenue and Avenue of the Americas. The initial unleveraged cash NOI yield on investment is 8.0%. The Company acts as the operating partner for the joint venture and is responsible for leasing and managing the property. The joint venture agreement provides the Company with the opportunity to gain certain economic benefits based on the financial performance of the property.
Structured Finance Activity
As of March 31, 2004, the par value of the Company's structured finance and preferred equity investments totaled $276.5 million. The weighted average balance outstanding for the first quarter of 2004 was $269.6 million. During the first quarter of 2004, the weighted average yield was 12.16%.
During the first quarter of 2004, the Company originated $80.0 million of structured finance investments with an initial yield of 11.45%. The Company also received a redemption totaling $15.4 million that was yielding 12.14% and converted its $7.0 million preferred equity investment into common equity at 19 West 44th Street.
During April 2004, the Company received $84.3 million in redemptions with a weighted average interest rate of 13.52%.
During the quarter, the Company recognized a $4.2 million gain from a partial distribution from a joint venture, which owned a mortgage position in a portfolio of office and industrial properties.
Gramercy Capital Corp. Formation
The Company announced today that its newly formed affiliate, Gramercy Capital Corp., expects to file a registration statement tomorrow in connection with its initial public offering to raise up to $200 million. Gramercy Capital Corp. is a specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring loans and other fixed-income investments secured by commercial and multifamily real estate.
The Company created Gramercy Capital to continue its structured finance business as a separate public company. The existing fixed-income investment portfolio of the Company is not being contributed in connection with the IPO.
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The Company will have a significant ownership interest in the business by investing up to $50 million in the initial public offering and will own approximately 25% of the common stock outstanding after the offering.
This document is not an offer to sell securities of Gramercy Capital and is not soliciting an offer to buy those securities, which offer may be made only by means of a prospectus.
Financing Activity
Common Stock Issuance
On January 16, 2004, the Company completed a public offering of 1.8 million shares of common stock at a gross price of $42.33 per share. The Company used the net proceeds of approximately $73.9 million to pay down its unsecured revolving credit facility.
Forward Interest Rate Contracts
During January 2004, the Company entered into a $65.0 million serial swap commencing August 2005 with an initial 12-month all-in rate of 4.80% and a blended all-in rate of 5.45% with a final maturity date in June 2008.
During January 2004, the Company entered into a $100.0 million one-year forward swap commencing June 2004 with an all-in rate of 3.77%.
During April 2004, the Company entered into a $100.0 million serial step swap commencing April 2004 with an initial 24-month all-in rate of 3.83% and a blended all-in rate of 5.10% with a final maturity date in December 2008.
10-Year Rate Lock
During March, the Company executed a 10-year $235.0 million forward rate-lock in anticipation of the refinancing of One Park Avenue. The forward rate lock fixed the effective borrowing rate at 5.75%.
Secured Line of Credit
During March 2004, the Company increased and extended its secured revolving credit facility. The revolving credit facility was increased by $50.0 million to $125.0 million and the maturity date was extended from the initial maturity date in December 2004 to December 2006 and bears interest at a current spread of 140 basis points over LIBOR.
Promotion of Gerard Nocera
Gerard Nocera, who is currently Executive Vice President and Director of Real Estate, has been promoted to Chief Operating Officer, effective May 1st, 2004.
In his new role, Mr. Nocera, who joined SL Green more than a decade ago, will continue to oversee all areas of real estateincluding leasing, management, construction and redevelopment. In addition, he will work closely with the company's finance department in budget preparation, compliance and monitoring.
"Gerry joined SL Green when the company was in its infancy, and through the years, has made a significant contribution to its success," said Marc Holliday, President and Chief Executive Officer of SL Green. "As Director of Real Estate, he has done an exemplary job of overseeing our entire portfolio, earning respect both internally and throughout the entire real estate community. We're confident that he will continue to excel as he assumes his new responsibilities."
Conference Call
The company will host a conference call and audio web cast on Wednesday, April 21, 2004, at 2:00 pm ET to discuss the financial results. The conference call can be accessed by dialing (913) 981-5518. A replay of the call will be available through April 28, 2004, by dialing 888-203-1112 or 719-457-0820, pass code 142129. The call will be simultaneously broadcast via the Internet and individuals who wish to access the conference call should go to www.slgreen.com to log onto the call or to listen to a replay following the call.
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Non-GAAP Financial Measures
During the April 21, 2004 conference call, the Company may discuss non-GAAP financial measures as defined by SEC Regulation G. In addition, the Company has used non-GAAP financial measures in this press release. A reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure and the comparable GAAP financial measure (net income) can be found on pages seven and nine of this release and in our first quarter supplemental data package.
To receive the Company's latest news release and other corporate documents, including the first quarter supplemental data, via FAX at no cost, please contact the Investor Relations office at 212-216-1601. All releases and supplemental data can also be downloaded directly from the SL Green website at: www.slgreen.com.
Forward-looking Information
This press release contains forward-looking information based upon the Company's current best judgment and expectations. Actual results could vary from those presented herein. The risks and uncertainties associated with forward-looking information in this release include the strength of the commercial office real estate markets in New York, competitive market conditions, unanticipated administrative costs, timing of leasing income, general and local economic conditions, interest rates, capital market conditions, tenant bankruptcies and defaults, the availability and cost of comprehensive insurance, including coverage for terrorist acts, and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company's control. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any of the forward-looking information. For further information, please refer to the Company's filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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SL GREEN REALTY CORP.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONSUNAUDITED
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||
Rental revenue, net | $ | 61,511 | $ | 51,559 | ||||
Escalations & reimbursement revenues | 9,790 | 8,178 | ||||||
Signage rent | 70 | 325 | ||||||
Preferred equity investment income | 4,044 | 1,556 | ||||||
Investment income | 9,785 | 3,361 | ||||||
Other income | 2,490 | 1,699 | ||||||
Total revenues | 87,690 | 66,678 | ||||||
Equity in net loss from affiliates |
|
(97 |
) |
|||||
Equity in net income from unconsolidated joint ventures | 10,551 | 4,176 | ||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||
Operating expenses | 23,355 | 16,685 | ||||||
Ground rent | 3,866 | 3,164 | ||||||
Real estate taxes | 12,341 | 9,629 | ||||||
Marketing, general and administrative | 10,903 | 3,186 | ||||||
Total expenses | 50,465 | 32,664 | ||||||
Earnings Before Interest, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) | 47,776 | 38,093 | ||||||
Interest Expense | 14,830 | 9,651 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 13,048 | 10,590 | ||||||
Net income from Continuing Operations | 19,898 | 17,852 | ||||||
Income from Discontinued Operations, net of minority interests | | 1,733 | ||||||
Gain on sale of Discontinued Operations, net of minority interests | | 17,824 | ||||||
Minority interests | (943 | ) | (1,062 | ) | ||||
Preferred stock dividends and accretion | (3,000 | ) | (2,431 | ) | ||||
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 15,955 | $ | 33,916 | ||||
Net income per share (Basic) | $ | 0.42 | $ | 1.11 | ||||
Net income per share (Diluted) | $ | 0.40 | $ | 1.01 | ||||
Funds From Operations (FFO) |
||||||||
FFO per share (Basic) | $ | 0.87 | $ | 0.92 | ||||
FFO per share (Diluted) | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.85 | ||||
FFO Calculation: | ||||||||
Income before minority interests, preferred stock dividends and accretion and discontinued operations | $ | 19,898 | $ | 17,852 | ||||
Less: |
||||||||
Preferred stock dividend on convertible preferred stock | | (2,300 | ) | |||||
Dividend on perpetual preferred stock | (3,000 | ) | | |||||
Add: | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 13,048 | 10,590 | ||||||
FFO from Discontinued Operations | | 2,184 | ||||||
Joint venture FFO adjustment | 6,000 | 3,387 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs and depreciation of non-real estate assets | (956 | ) | (1,485 | ) | ||||
FFO before minority interestsBASIC | 34,990 | 30,228 | ||||||
Add: Convertible preferred stock dividends | | 2,300 | ||||||
FFO before minority interestsDILUTED | $ | 34,990 | $ | 32,528 | ||||
Basic ownership interest | ||||||||
Weighted average REIT common shares for net income per share | 37,978 | 30,706 | ||||||
Weighted average partnership units held by minority interests | 2,286 | 2,280 | ||||||
Basic weighted average shares and units outstanding for FFO per share | 40,264 | 32,986 | ||||||
Diluted ownership interest | ||||||||
Weighted average REIT common share and common share equivalents | 39,724 | 31,203 | ||||||
Weighted average partnership units held by minority interests | 2,286 | 2,280 | ||||||
Common share equivalents for preferred stock | | 4,699 | ||||||
Diluted weighted average shares and units outstanding | 42,010 | 38,182 | ||||||
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SL GREEN REALTY CORP.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts in Thousands)
|
March 31, 2004 |
December 31, 2003 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Unaudited) |
|
|||||
Assets | |||||||
Commercial real estate properties, at cost: | |||||||
Land and land interests | $ | 168,660 | $ | 168,032 | |||
Buildings and improvements | 857,278 | 849,013 | |||||
Building leasehold and improvements | 317,734 | 317,178 | |||||
Property under capital lease | 12,208 | 12,208 | |||||
1,355,880 | 1,346,431 | ||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (165,333 | ) | (156,768 | ) | |||
1,190,547 | 1,189,663 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
22,393 |
38,546 |
|||||
Restricted cash | 47,768 | 59,542 | |||||
Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance of $7,660 and $7,533 in 2004 and 2003, respectively | 12,857 | 13,165 | |||||
Related party receivables | 5,000 | 6,610 | |||||
Deferred rents receivable, net of allowance of $7,270 and $7,017 in 2004 and 2003, respectively | 64,562 | 63,131 | |||||
Structured finance investments, net of discount of none and $44 in 2004 and 2003, respectively | 276,538 | 218,989 | |||||
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | 600,002 | 590,064 | |||||
Deferred costs, net | 44,379 | 39,277 | |||||
Other assets | 31,837 | 42,854 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 2,295,883 | $ | 2,261,841 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
Mortgage notes payable | $ | 515,018 | $ | 515,871 | |||
Revolving credit facilities | 178,000 | 236,000 | |||||
Term loans | 367,410 | 367,578 | |||||
Derivative instruments at fair value | 11,518 | 9,009 | |||||
Accrued interest payable | 4,788 | 3,500 | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 46,953 | 43,835 | |||||
Deferred revenue/gain | 8,623 | 8,526 | |||||
Capitalized lease obligations | 16,247 | 16,168 | |||||
Deferred land lease payable | 15,326 | 15,166 | |||||
Dividend and distributions payable | 24,003 | 18,647 | |||||
Security deposits | 22,776 | 21,968 | |||||
Total liabilities | 1,210,662 | 1,256,268 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies | |||||||
Minority interest in partially owned entities | 493 | 510 | |||||
Minority interest in operating partnership | 52,263 | 54,281 | |||||
Stockholders' Equity | |||||||
7.625% Series C perpetual preferred shares | 151,981 | 151,981 | |||||
Common stock, $0.01 par value 100,000 shares authorized, 38,551 and 36,016 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, respectively | 385 | 360 | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 825,842 | 728,882 | |||||
Deferred compensation plan | (17,642 | ) | (8,446 | ) | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,704 | ) | (961 | ) | |||
Retained earnings | 75,603 | 78,966 | |||||
Total stockholders' equity | 1,032,465 | 950,782 | |||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 2,295,883 | $ | 2,261,841 | |||
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SL GREEN REALTY CORP.
SELECTED OPERATING DATAUNAUDITED
|
March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
|||||
Operating Data: | |||||||
Net rentable area at end of period (in 000's)(1) | 15,444 | 12,860 | |||||
Portfolio percentage leased at end of period | 96.3 | % | 95.5 | % | |||
Same-Store percentage leased at end of period | 96.9 | % | 96.9 | % | |||
Number of properties in operation | 27 | 26 | |||||
Office square feet leased during quarter (rentable) |
251,444 |
316,733 |
|||||
Average mark-to-market percentage-office | 2.5 | % | 4.8 | % | |||
Average starting cash rent per rentable square foot-office | $ | 31.60 | $ | 36.59 |
SL GREEN REALTY CORP.
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES*
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
||||
Earnings before interest, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA): | $ | 47,776 | $ | 38,093 | ||
Add: | ||||||
Marketing, general & administrative expense | 10,903 | 3,186 | ||||
Operating income from discontinued operations | | 2,837 | ||||
Depreciation adjustment for JV | 6,000 | 3,387 | ||||
Less: | ||||||
Non-building revenue | 20,526 | 9,618 | ||||
GAAP net operating income (GAAP NOI) | 44,153 | 37,885 | ||||
Less: |
||||||
Operating income from discontinued operations | | 2,837 | ||||
GAAP NOI from other properties | 17,781 | 6,963 | ||||
2004 Same-Store GAAP NOI | $ | 26,372 | $ | 28,085 | ||
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SL Green Realty Corp.
First Quarter 2004
Supplemental Data
March 31, 2004
[GRAPHIC]
SL Green Realty Corp. is a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) that primarily owns, manages, leases, acquires and repositions office properties in emerging, high-growth submarkets of Manhattan.
Questions pertaining to the information contained herein should be referred to Gregory F. Hughes at greg.hughes@slgreen.com or at 212-594-2700.
This report includes certain statements that may be deemed to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this report that address activities, events or developments that the Company expects, believes or anticipates will or may occur in the future, including such matters as future capital expenditures, dividends and acquisitions (including the amount and nature thereof), expansion and other development trends of the real estate industry, business strategies, expansion and growth of the Company's operations and other such matters are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by the Company in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors it believes are appropriate. Such statements are subject to a number of assumptions, risks and uncertainties, general economic and business conditions, the business opportunities that may be presented to and pursued by the Company, changes in laws or regulations and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of the Company. Any such statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results or developments may differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements.
The following discussion related to the consolidated financial statements of the Company should be read in conjunction with the financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 that will subsequently be released on Form 10-Q to be filed on or before May 10, 2004.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS | ||
Highlights of Current Period Financial Performance |
|||
Unaudited Financial Statements |
|||
Corporate Profile | 4 | ||
Financial Highlights | 5-11 | ||
Balance Sheets | 12-13 | ||
Statements of Operations | 14-15 | ||
Joint Venture Statements | 16-17 | ||
Statement of Stockholders' Equity | 18 | ||
Funds From Operations | 19 | ||
Selected Financial Data |
20-22 |
||
Summary of Debt and Ground Lease Arrangements |
23-24 |
||
Mortgage Investments and Preferred Equity |
25-26 |
||
Property Data |
|||
Composition of Property Portfolio | 27 | ||
Top Tenants | 28 | ||
Leasing Activity Summary | 29-32 | ||
Lease Expiration Schedule | 33-34 | ||
Summary of Acquisition/Disposition Activity |
35-36 |
||
Supplemental Definitions | 37 | ||
Corporate Information | 38 |
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CORPORATE PROFILE |
SL Green Realty Corp. (the "Company") was formed on August 20, 1997 to continue the commercial real estate business of S.L. Green Properties Inc. founded in 1980 by Stephen L. Green, our current Chairman. For more than 20 years SL Green has been engaged in the business of owning, managing, leasing, acquiring and repositioning office properties in Manhattan. The Company's investment focus is to create value through the acquisition, redevelopment and repositioning of Manhattan office properties and releasing and managing these properties for maximum cash flow.
Looking forward, SL Green Realty Corp. will continue its opportunistic investment philosophy through three established business lines: investment in long-term core properties, investment in opportunistic assets and structured finance investments. This three-legged investment strategy will allow SL Green to balance the components of its portfolio to take advantage of each stage in the business cycle.
Today, the Company is the only fully integrated, self-managed, self-administered Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) exclusively focused on owning and operating office buildings in Manhattan. SL Green is a pure play for investors to own a piece of New York.
4
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS FIRST QUARTER 2004 UNAUDITED |
FINANCIAL RESULTS
Funds From Operations (FFO) before minority interests, for the first quarter 2004 totaled $35.0 million, or $0.83 per share (diluted), a 2% decrease compared to the same quarter in 2003 when FFO totaled $32.5 million, or $0.85 per share (diluted).
Net income available for common shareholders for the first quarter 2004 totaled $16.0 million, or $0.40 per share (diluted), a decrease of $0.61 per share (60%) as compared to the same quarter in 2003 when net income totaled $33.9 million, or $1.01 per share (diluted).
The decrease in net income in the first quarter 2003 is primarily due to $17.8 million ($0.50 per share) gain recognized on the sale of 50 West 23rd Street.
Funds available for distribution (FAD) for the first quarter 2004 decreased to $0.56 share per share (diluted) versus $0.68 per share (diluted) in the prior year, a 18% decrease. The decrease is primarily due to the $9.3 million increase in tenant improvements and leasing commissions.
The Company's dividend payout ratio was 60.0% of FFO and 89.6% of FAD before first cycle leasing costs.
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS
Total quarterly revenues increased 32% in the first quarter to $87.7 million, compared to $66.7 million last year. The $21.0 million growth in revenue resulted from the following items:
The Company's EBITDA increased $9.7 million to $47.8 million. Margins after ground rent increased to 66.9% compared to 63.4% for the same period last year. The increase in margins is primarily due to the increase in equity in net income from unconsolidated joint ventures ($6.4 million) and the increase in investment and preferred equity income ($8.9 million). These increases were partially off-set by higher MG&A ($7.7 million) and increased operating costs as a percentage of real estate revenue. The following items drove EBITDA improvements:
(1) Consolidated GAAP NOI (before discontinued operations) increased $9.1 million:
(2) $8.9 million increase in investment and preferred equity income primarily due to (i) the recognition of a one-time gain on a mortgage investment ($4.2 million), (ii) an increase in the
5
weighted-average asset balance from $125.2 million to $269.6 million. The weighted-average yield decreased from 12.38% to 12.16% due mainly to lower LIBOR.
(3) $0.6 million decrease in other income net of service corporation operating income ($1.6 million).
(4) $7.7 million decrease from higher MG&A expense. The increase is primarily due to restricted stock compensation awards ($6.3 million).
FFO available to common shareholders improved $2.5 million primarily as a result of:
The $5.1 million increase in interest expense was primarily associated with additional debt used to fund new investment activity ($7.8 million) offset in part by reduced loan balances due to previous disposition activity ($1.0 million) and proceeds from the Company's common and preferred equity offerings ($1.5 million).
SAME-STORE RESULTS
Same-store first quarter GAAP NOI decreased $1.7 million (6%) to $26.4 million in 2004 due to a $1.8 million increase in operating expenses partially offset by a $0.1 million increase in rental revenues. Operating margins after ground rent decreased from 51.1% to 47.5%.
The $1.8 million (7%) increase in same-store operating expenses resulted from:
The $0.1 million increase in revenue was due to:
QUARTERLY LEASING HIGHLIGHTS
Vacancy at December 31, 2003 was 596,406 useable square feet net of holdover tenants. During the quarter, 174,620 additional usable office retail and storage square feet became available at an average escalated cash rent of $42.17 per rentable square foot. The company acquired 19 West 44th Street,
6
which included 36,662 usable square feet. Space available before holdovers to lease during the quarter totaled 807,688 useable square feet, or 5.2% of the total portfolio.
During the first quarter, 62 leases were signed totaling 195,419 usable square feet. New cash rents averaged $44.70 per rentable square foot. Replacement rents were 26.6% greater than rents on previously occupied space, which had fully escalated cash rents averaging $35.31 per rentable square foot. The average lease term was 9.8 years and average tenant concessions were 2.1 months of free rent with a tenant improvement allowance of $26.85 per rentable square foot. Including early renewals and excluding holdover tenants, the tenant renewal rate was 30% based on square feet expiring. Twenty-seven leases have expired comprising 37,737 useable square feet that are in a holdover status. This results in 574,532 useable square feet (net of holdovers) remaining available as of March 31, 2004.
The Company signed five office leases for 13,045 useable square feet that were for early renewals. The early renewals for space were not scheduled to become available until after the second quarter of 2004. The Company renewed the current office tenants at an average cash rent of $31.84 per rentable square foot, representing an increase of 19.8% above the previously fully escalated rents of $26.58. The average lease term extension on the office early renewals was 2.2 years with a tenant improvement allowance of $3.06 per rentable square foot.
PROPERTY ACTIVITY
19 West 44th Street
New York, New York
On March 20, 2004, the Company, through a joint venture with The City Investment Fund, acquired 19 West 44th Street for $67.0 million from EBS Forty Fourth Property Associates LLC with potential additional consideration of up to $2 million based on property performance. The Company now holds a 35% equity interest in the property and previously held $7 million preferred equity investment that was redeemed at closing. The venture financed the transaction by assuming the existing $47.2 million first mortgage, which bears interest at 286 basis points over LIBOR, and cash. The mortgage matures in September 2005 and is open for pre-payment in April 2005.
19 West 44th Street is an approximately 292,000 square foot office building located between Fifth Avenue and Avenue of the Americas. The initial unleveraged cash NOI yield on investment is 8.0%. The Company acts as the operating partner for the joint venture and is responsible for leasing and managing the property. The joint venture agreement provides the Company with the opportunity to gain certain economic benefits based on the financial performance of the property.
Structured Finance Activity
As of March 31, 2004, the par value of the Company's structured finance and preferred equity investments totaled $276.5 million. The weighted average balance outstanding for the first quarter of 2004 was $269.6 million. During the first quarter of 2004, the weighted average yield was 12.16%.
During the first quarter of 2004, the Company originated $80.0 million of structured finance investments with an initial yield of 11.45%. The Company also received a redemption totaling $15.4 million that was yielding 12.14% and converted its $7.0 million preferred equity investment into 19 West 44th Street.
During April 2004, the Company received $84.3 million in redemptions with a weighted average interest rate of 13.52%.
During the quarter, the Company recognized a $4.2 million gain from a partial distribution from a joint venture, which owned a mortgage position in a portfolio of office and industrial properties.
7
Gramercy Capital Corp. Formation
The Company announced today that its newly formed affiliate, Gramercy Capital Corp., expects to file a registration statement tomorrow in connection with its initial public offering to raise up to $200 million. Gramercy Capital Corp. is a specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring loans and other fixed-income investments secured by commercial and multifamily real estate.
The Company created Gramercy Capital to continue its structured finance business as a separate public company. The existing fixed-income investment portfolio of the Company is not being contributed in connection with the IPO.
SL Green will have a significant ownership interest in the business by investing up to $50 million in the initial public offering and will own approximately 25% of the common stock outstanding after the offering.
This document is not an offer to sell securities of Gramercy Capital and is not soliciting an offer to buy those securities, which offer may be made only by means of a prospectus.
FINANCING ACTIVITY
Common Stock Issuance
On January 16, 2004, the Company completed a public offering of 1.8 million shares of common stock at a gross price of $42.33 per share. The Company used the net proceeds of approximately $73.9 million, to pay down its unsecured revolving credit facility.
Forward Interest Rate Contract
During January 2004, the Company entered into a $65 million serial swap commencing August 2005 with an initial 12-month all-in rate of 4.80% and a blended all-in rate of 5.45% with a final maturity date in June 2008.
During January 2004, the Company entered into a $100 million one-year forward swap commencing June 2004 with an all-in rate of 3.77%.
During April 2004, the Company entered into a $100 million serial step swap commencing April 2004 with an initial 24-month all-in rate of 3.83% and a blended all-in rate of 5.10% with a final maturity date in December 2008.
10-Year Rate Lock
In March 2004, the Company entered into a forward rate-lock in anticipation of the recapitalization of one of its joint venture properties. The forward rate lock will fix the interest rate on the new loan at 5.75%.
Secured Line of Credit
During March 2004, the Company increased and extended the secured line of credit. The facility was increased $50.0 million to $125.0 million and the maturity date was extended from an initial maturity date in December 2004 to December 2006 and begins at a spread of 140 basis points over LIBOR.
MANAGEMENT
Promotion of Gerard Nocera
Gerard Nocera, who is currently Executive Vice President and Director of Real Estate, has been promoted to Chief Operating Officer, effective May 1st, 2004.
In his new role, Mr. Nocera, who joined SL Green more than a decade ago, will continue to oversee all areas of real estateincluding leasing, management, construction and redevelopment. In
8
addition, he will work closely with the company's finance department in budget preparation, compliance and monitoring.
OTHER
Dividends
On March 15, 2004, the Company declared a dividend distribution of $0.50 per common share for the first quarter 2004. This distribution reflects the regular quarterly dividend, which is the equivalent of an annualized distribution of $2.00 per common share.
On March 15, 2004, the Company also declared a dividend on the Company's Series C preferred stock for the period December 12, 2003 through and including April 14, 2004, of $0.646 per share, payable April 15, 2004 to shareholders of record on the close of business on March 31, 2004. The distribution reflects the regular annualized distribution of $1.90625, pro rated for the period during which the Series C preferred stock was outstanding.
Consolidation of Affiliate
In connection with recently enacted accounting pronouncements (FIN 46) the Company has consolidated the results of its previously unconsolidated affiliate. The consolidation is effective July 1, 2003 and is not retroactive. The consolidated affiliate revenue totaled $1.6 million and consolidated expenses totaled $1.6 for the three months ended March 31, 2004.
2004 SAME-STORE PORTFOLIO
Annually, the Company adjusts the same-store pool to include all properties owned for a minimum of twelve months (since January 1, 2003). The 2004 same-store pool will include the following wholly owned properties:
673 First Avenue | 1140 Avenue of the Americas | 420 Lexington Avenue | ||
470 Park Avenue South | 1466 Broadway | 70 West 36th Street | ||
555 West 57th Street | 440 Ninth Avenue | 1414 Avenue of the Americas | ||
711 Third Avenue | 1372 Broadway | 292 Madison Avenue | ||
286 Madison Avenue | 290 Madison Avenue | 17 Battery Place North | ||
110 East 42nd Street | 317 Madison Avenue |
Beginning in 2004, the Company will also disclose a 2004 same-store pool for the joint venture properties. The same-store will consist of all properties owned as of January 1, 2003. The 2004 joint venture same-store pool will include the following properties:
2004 JOINT VENTURE SAME-STORE
180 Madison Avenue (50%) | 1250 Broadway (55%) | 1515 Broadway (55%) | ||
One Park Avenue (55%) | 100 Park Avenue (50%) |
(% of SL Green Realty Corp. Ownership)
9
SL Green Realty Corp. Key Financial Data March 31, 2004 (Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share and Sq. Ft.) |
|
As of or for the three months ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
3/31/2004 |
12/31/2003 |
9/30/2003 |
6/30/2003 |
3/31/2003 |
|||||||||||
Earnings Per Share | ||||||||||||||||
Net income available to common shareholdersdiluted | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.58 | $ | 0.59 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 1.01 | ||||||
Funds from operations available to common shareholdersdiluted | $ | 0.83 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 0.87 | $ | 0.87 | $ | 0.85 | ||||||
Funds available for distribution to common shareholdersdiluted | $ | 0.56 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 0.68 | $ | 0.60 | $ | 0.68 | ||||||
Common Share Price & Dividends |
||||||||||||||||
At the end of the period | $ | 47.70 | $ | 41.05 | $ | 36.11 | $ | 34.89 | $ | 30.56 | ||||||
High during period | $ | 47.78 | $ | 41.05 | $ | 37.42 | $ | 36.00 | $ | 31.95 | ||||||
Low during period | $ | 41.12 | $ | 36.12 | $ | 34.52 | $ | 31.47 | $ | 29.05 | ||||||
Common dividends per share | $ | 0.500 | $ | 0.500 | $ | 0.465 | $ | 0.465 | $ | 0.465 | ||||||
FFO Payout Ratio | 60.03 | % | 56.42 | % | 53.71 | % | 53.29 | % | 54.58 | % | ||||||
FAD Payout Ratio | 89.68 | % | 89.42 | % | 68.61 | % | 77.60 | % | 68.00 | % | ||||||
Common Shares & Units |
||||||||||||||||
Common shares outstanding | 38,551 | 36,016 | 35,876 | 31,173 | 30,939 | |||||||||||
Units outstanding | 2,225 | 2,306 | 2,306 | 2,306 | 2,404 | |||||||||||
Total shares and units outstanding | 40,776 | 38,322 | 38,182 | 33,479 | 33,343 | |||||||||||
Weighted average common shares and units outstandingbasic |
37,978 |
35,957 |
31,269 |
31,082 |
30,706 |
|||||||||||
Weighted average common shares and units outstandingdiluted | 42,010 | 39,764 | 39,186 | 38,819 | 38,182 | |||||||||||
Market Capitalization |
||||||||||||||||
Market value of common equity | $ | 1,945,017 | $ | 1,573,114 | $ | 1,378,753 | $ | 1,168,094 | $ | 1,018,972 | ||||||
Liquidation value of preferred equity | 157,500 | 157,500 | | 115,000 | 115,000 | |||||||||||
Consolidated debt | 1,060,428 | 1,119,449 | 792,426 | 762,530 | 787,289 | |||||||||||
Consolidated market capitalization | $ | 3,162,945 | $ | 2,850,063 | $ | 2,171,179 | $ | 2,045,624 | $ | 1,921,261 | ||||||
SLG portion JV debt | 489,940 | 473,558 | 402,635 | 396,047 | 396,192 | |||||||||||
Combined market capitalization | $ | 3,652,885 | $ | 3,323,621 | $ | 2,573,814 | $ | 2,441,671 | $ | 2,317,453 | ||||||
Consolidated debt to market capitalization |
33.53 |
% |
39.28 |
% |
36.50 |
% |
37.28 |
% |
40.98 |
% |
||||||
Combined debt to market capitalization | 42.44 | % | 47.93 | % | 46.43 | % | 47.45 | % | 51.07 | % | ||||||
Consolidated debt service coverage |
3.69 |
3.71 |
3.83 |
3.64 |
3.89 |
|||||||||||
Consolidated fixed charge coverage | 2.60 | 2.83 | 2.66 | 2.55 | 2.64 | |||||||||||
Combined fixed charge coverage | 2.50 | 2.67 | 2.44 | 2.36 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
Portfolio Statistics |
||||||||||||||||
Directly owned buildings | 20 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||
Joint venture buildings | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||
27 | 26 | 25 | 26 | 26 | ||||||||||||
Directly owned square footage |
8,170,000 |
8,170,000 |
7,970,000 |
8,225,000 |
8,225,000 |
|||||||||||
Joint venture square footage | 7,274,000 | 6,902,000 | 4,635,000 | 4,635,000 | 4,635,000 | |||||||||||
15,444,000 | 15,072,000 | 12,605,000 | 12,860,000 | 12,860,000 | ||||||||||||
Quarter end occupancyportfolio |
96.3 |
% |
95.8 |
% |
95.5 |
% |
95.5 |
% |
95.5 |
% |
||||||
Quarter end occupancysame store | 96.9 | % | 95.8 | % | 97.5 | % | 97.3 | % | 96.9 | % |
10
SL Green Realty Corp. Key Financial Data March 31, 2004 (Dollars in Thousands Except Per Share and Sq. Ft.) |
|
As of or for the three months ended |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
3/31/2004 |
12/31/2003 |
9/30/2003 |
6/30/2003 |
3/31/2003 |
|||||||||||
Selected Balance Sheet Data | ||||||||||||||||
Real estate assets before depreciation | $ | 1,355,880 | $ | 1,346,431 | $ | 1,273,606 | $ | 1,266,476 | $ | 1,327,064 | ||||||
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | $ | 600,002 | $ | 590,064 | $ | 205,821 | $ | 216,620 | $ | 213,802 | ||||||
Structured finance investments | $ | 276,538 | $ | 218,989 | $ | 167,954 | $ | 125,517 | $ | 114,496 | ||||||
Total Assets |
$ |
2,295,883 |
$ |
2,261,841 |
$ |
1,765,147 |
$ |
1,725,583 |
$ |
1,755,819 |
||||||
Fixed rate & hedged debt |
$ |
782,428 |
$ |
783,449 |
$ |
539,426 |
$ |
540,352 |
$ |
556,111 |
||||||
Variable rate debt | 278,000 | 336,000 | 253,000 | 222,178 | 231,178 | |||||||||||
Total consolidated debt | $ | 1,060,428 | $ | 1,119,449 | $ | 792,426 | $ | 762,530 | $ | 787,289 | ||||||
Total Liabilities |
$ |
1,210,662 |
$ |
1,256,268 |
$ |
926,791 |
$ |
900,433 |
$ |
935,513 |
||||||
Fixed rate & hedged debtincluding SLG portion JV debt |
$ |
1,010,358 |
$ |
1,011,507 |
$ |
767,611 |
$ |
671,949 |
$ |
777,854 |
||||||
Variable rate debtincluding SLG portion JV debt | 540,010 | 581,500 | 427,450 | 486,628 | 405,629 | |||||||||||
Total combined debt | $ | 1,550,368 | $ | 1,593,007 | $ | 1,195,061 | $ | 1,158,577 | $ | 1,183,483 | ||||||
Selected Operating Data |
||||||||||||||||
Property operating revenues | $ | 71,371 | $ | 73,073 | $ | 73,352 | $ | 69,751 | $ | 60,062 | ||||||
Property operating expenses | 39,562 | 36,821 | 38,713 | 33,534 | 29,478 | |||||||||||
Property operating NOI | $ | 31,809 | $ | 36,252 | $ | 34,639 | $ | 36,217 | $ | 30,584 | ||||||
SLG share of Property NOI from JVs |
$ |
22,174 |
$ |
12,886 |
$ |
12,094 |
$ |
12,474 |
$ |
12,915 |
||||||
Structured finance income | $ | 13,829 | $ | 9,861 | $ | 3,860 | $ | 3,449 | $ | 4,917 | ||||||
Other income | $ | 2,490 | $ | 3,668 | $ | 4,113 | $ | 1,164 | $ | 1,699 | ||||||
Marketing general & administrative expenses |
$ |
10,903 |
$ |
8,048 |
$ |
2,994 |
$ |
2,804 |
$ |
3,186 |
||||||
Consolidated interest |
$ |
14,830 |
$ |
12,683 |
$ |
10,991 |
$ |
11,817 |
$ |
10,305 |
||||||
Combined interest | $ | 19,944 | $ | 17,366 | $ | 15,978 | $ | 16,547 | $ | 14,980 | ||||||
Preferred Dividend & Accretion | $ | 3,000 | $ | 625 | $ | 2,224 | $ | 2,431 | $ | 2,431 | ||||||
Office Leasing Statistics |
||||||||||||||||
Total office leases signed | 59 | 62 | 69 | 68 | 57 | |||||||||||
Total office square footage leased | 251,144 | 664,716 | 275,434 | 311,388 | 316,733 | |||||||||||
Average rent psf(1) |
$ |
30.98 |
$ |
31.27 |
$ |
34.55 |
$ |
30.89 |
$ |
36.59 |
||||||
Escalated rents psf(1) | $ | 30.22 | $ | 30.71 | $ | 32.85 | $ | 28.58 | $ | 34.91 | ||||||
Percentage of rent over escalated(1) | 2.5 | % | 1.8 | % | 5.2 | % | 8.1 | % | 4.8 | % | ||||||
Tenant concession packages psf | $ | 26.21 | $ | 22.43 | $ | 16.49 | $ | 20.15 | $ | 19.03 | ||||||
Free rent months | 1.9 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 3.6 |
11
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEETS Unaudited (000's omitted) |
|
3/31/2004 |
3/31/2003 |
+/- |
12/31/2003 |
+/- |
9/30/2003 |
+/- |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial real estate properties, at cost: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Land & land interests | $ | 168,660 | $ | 182,510 | $ | (13,850 | ) | $ | 168,032 | $ | 628 | $ | 167,816 | $ | 844 | ||||||||
Buildings & improvements fee interest | 857,278 | 981,971 | (124,693 | ) | 849,013 | 8,265 | 841,716 | 15,562 | |||||||||||||||
Buildings & improvements leasehold | 317,734 | 150,375 | 167,359 | 317,178 | 556 | 251,866 | 65,868 | ||||||||||||||||
Buildings & improvements under capital lease | 12,208 | 12,208 | | 12,208 | | 12,208 | | ||||||||||||||||
$ | 1,355,880 | $ | 1,327,064 | $ | 28,816 | $ | 1,346,431 | $ | 9,449 | $ | 1,273,606 | $ | 82,274 | ||||||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (165,333 | ) | (130,675 | ) | (34,658 | ) | (156,768 | ) | (8,565 | ) | (147,083 | ) | (18,250 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 1,190,547 | $ | 1,196,389 | $ | (5,842 | ) | $ | 1,189,663 | $ | 884 | $ | 1,126,523 | $ | 64,024 | |||||||||
Other Real Estate Investments: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in unconsolidated joint ventures | 600,002 | 213,802 | 386,200 | 590,064 | 9,938 | 205,821 | 394,181 | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans receivable | 191,912 | 93,145 | 98,767 | 127,328 | 64,584 | 146,642 | 45,270 | ||||||||||||||||
Preferred equity investments | 84,626 | 21,351 | 63,275 | 91,661 | (7,035 | ) | 21,312 | 63,314 | |||||||||||||||
Assets held for sale |
|
16,226 |
(16,226 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 22,393 | 24,619 | (2,226 | ) | 38,546 | (16,153 | ) | 14,171 | 8,222 | ||||||||||||||
Restricted cash: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Tenant security | 22,472 | 20,709 | 1,763 | 21,584 | 888 | 20,643 | 1,829 | ||||||||||||||||
Escrows & other | 25,296 | 38,326 | (13,030 | ) | 37,958 | (12,662 | ) | 89,996 | (64,700 | ) | |||||||||||||
Tenant and other receivables, net of $7,660 reserve at 3/31/04 | 12,857 | 8,921 | 3,936 | 13,165 | (308 | ) | 14,022 | (1,165 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Related party receivables | 5,000 | 5,213 | (213 | ) | 6,610 | (1,610 | ) | 7,068 | (2,068 | ) | |||||||||||||
Deferred rents receivable, net of reserve for tenant credit loss of $7,270 at 3/31/04 | 64,562 | 57,223 | 7,339 | 63,131 | 1,431 | 61,361 | 3,201 | ||||||||||||||||
Investment in and advances to affiliates | | 3,733 | (3,733 | ) | | | | | |||||||||||||||
Deferred costs, net | 44,379 | 37,251 | 7,128 | 39,277 | 5,102 | 36,969 | 7,410 | ||||||||||||||||
Other assets | 31,837 | 18,911 | 12,926 | 42,854 | (11,017 | ) | 20,619 | 11,218 | |||||||||||||||
Total Assets | $ | 2,295,883 | $ | 1,755,819 | $ | 540,064 | $ | 2,261,841 | $ | 34,042 | $ | 1,765,147 | $ | 530,736 | |||||||||
12
COMPARATIVE BALANCE SHEETS | ||
Unaudited (000's omitted) |
||
|
3/31/2004 |
3/31/2003 |
+/- |
12/31/2003 |
+/- |
9/30/2003 |
+/- |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage notes payable | $ | 515,018 | $ | 621,469 | $ | (106,451 | ) | $ | 515,871 | $ | (853 | ) | $ | 532,426 | $ | (17,408 | ) | |||||
Unsecured & Secured term loans | 367,410 | 100,000 | 267,410 | 367,578 | (168 | ) | 165,000 | 202,410 | ||||||||||||||
Revolving credit facilities | 178,000 | 51,000 | 127,000 | 236,000 | (58,000 | ) | 95,000 | 83,000 | ||||||||||||||
Derivative Instrumentsfair value | 11,518 | 11,553 | (35 | ) | 9,009 | 2,509 | 5,390 | 6,128 | ||||||||||||||
Accrued interest payable | 4,788 | 2,917 | 1,871 | 3,500 | 1,288 | 2,553 | 2,235 | |||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 46,953 | 36,906 | 10,047 | 43,835 | 3,118 | 46,935 | 18 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation awards | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||
Deferred revenue | 8,623 | 27,337 | (18,714 | ) | 8,526 | 97 | 9,267 | (644 | ) | |||||||||||||
Capitalized lease obligations | 16,247 | 15,937 | 310 | 16,168 | 79 | 16,090 | 157 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred land lease payable | 15,326 | 14,786 | 540 | 15,166 | 160 | 15,106 | 220 | |||||||||||||||
Dividend and distributions payable | 24,003 | 17,859 | 6,144 | 18,647 | 5,356 | 17,914 | 6,089 | |||||||||||||||
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | | 14,821 | (14,821 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Security deposits | 22,776 | 20,928 | 1,848 | 21,968 | 808 | 21,110 | 1,666 | |||||||||||||||
Total Liabilities | $ | 1,210,662 | $ | 935,513 | $ | 275,149 | $ | 1,256,268 | $ | (45,606 | ) | $ | 926,791 | $ | 283,871 | |||||||
Minority interest (2,225 units outstanding) at 3/31/04 |
52,756 |
55,309 |
(2,553 |
) |
54,791 |
(2,035 |
) |
54,472 |
(1,716 |
) |
||||||||||||
8% Preferred Income Equity Redeemable Shares $0.01 par value, $25.00 mandatory liquidation preference |
|
111,852 |
(111,852 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
Stockholders' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||
7.625% Series C Perpetual Preferred Shares | 151,981 | | 151,981 | 151,981 | | | 151,981 | |||||||||||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value 100,000 shares authorized, 38,551 issued and outstanding at 3/31/04 | 385 | 309 | 76 | 360 | 25 | 358 | 27 | |||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 825,842 | 603,907 | 221,935 | 728,882 | 96,960 | 722,565 | 103,277 | |||||||||||||||
Deferred compensation plans | (17,642 | ) | (9,224 | ) | (8,418 | ) | (8,446 | ) | (9,196 | ) | (9,062 | ) | (8,580 | ) | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,704 | ) | (11,375 | ) | 7,671 | (961 | ) | (2,743 | ) | (5,382 | ) | 1,678 | ||||||||||
Retained earnings | 75,603 | 69,528 | 6,075 | 78,966 | (3,363 | ) | 75,405 | 198 | ||||||||||||||
Total Stockholders' Equity | $ | 1,032,465 | $ | 653,145 | $ | 379,320 | $ | 950,782 | $ | 81,683 | $ | 783,884 | $ | 248,581 | ||||||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | 2,295,883 | $ | 1,755,819 | $ | 540,064 | $ | 2,261,841 | $ | 34,042 | $ | 1,765,147 | $ | 530,736 | ||||||||
13
COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS ($000's omitted) |
|
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mar-04 |
Mar-03 |
+/- |
% |
Dec-03 |
% |
Sep-03 |
% |
|||||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||
Rental revenue, net | 60,262 | 50,008 | 10,254 | 21 | % | 60,666 | -1 | % | 57,537 | 5 | % | ||||||||
Free rent | 1,528 | 1,326 | 202 | 15 | % | 1,336 | 14 | % | 1,676 | -9 | % | ||||||||
Amortization of free rent | (1,145 | ) | (742 | ) | (403 | ) | 54 | % | (1,044 | ) | 10 | % | (1,103 | ) | 4 | % | |||
Net free rent | 383 | 584 | (201 | ) | -34 | % | 292 | 31 | % | 573 | -33 | % | |||||||
Straight-line rent | 1,863 | 1,376 | 487 | 35 | % | 2,050 | -9 | % | 2,066 | -10 | % | ||||||||
FAS 141 Revenue Adjustment | (58 | ) | | (58 | ) | 0 | % | (58 | ) | 0 | % | (42 | ) | 39 | % | ||||
Allowance for S/L tenant credit loss | (939 | ) | (409 | ) | (530 | ) | 130 | % | (650 | ) | 44 | % | (268 | ) | 250 | % | |||
Escalation and reimbursement revenues | 9,790 | 8,178 | 1,612 | 20 | % | 10,636 | -8 | % | 13,387 | -27 | % | ||||||||
Signage rent | 70 | 325 | (255 | ) | -78 | % | 137 | -49 | % | 99 | -30 | % | |||||||
Preferred equity investment income | 4,044 | 1,556 | 2,488 | 160 | % | 1,153 | 251 | % | 658 | 514 | % | ||||||||
Investment income | 9,785 | 3,361 | 6,424 | 191 | % | 8,708 | 12 | % | 3,201 | 206 | % | ||||||||
Other income | 2,490 | 1,699 | 791 | 47 | % | 3,668 | -32 | % | 4,113 | -39 | % | ||||||||
Total Revenues, net | 87,690 | 66,678 | 21,012 | 32 | % | 86,602 | 1 | % | 81,324 | 8 | % | ||||||||
Equity in loss from affiliates | | (97 | ) | 97 | -100 | % | | 0 | % | | 0 | % | |||||||
Equity in income from unconsolidated joint ventures | 10,551 | 4,176 | 6,375 | 153 | % | 4,007 | 163 | % | 3,036 | 248 | % | ||||||||
Operating expenses |
23,355 |
16,685 |
6,670 |
40 |
% |
20,929 |
12 |
% |
23,534 |
- -1 |
% |
||||||||
Ground rent | 3,866 | 3,164 | 702 | 22 | % | 3,766 | 3 | % | 3,366 | 15 | % | ||||||||
Real estate taxes | 12,341 | 9,629 | 2,712 | 28 | % | 12,126 | 2 | % | 11,814 | 4 | % | ||||||||
Marketing, general and administrative | 10,903 | 3,186 | 7,717 | 242 | % | 8,048 | 35 | % | 2,994 | 264 | % | ||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 50,465 | 32,664 | 17,801 | 54 | % | 44,869 | 12 | % | 41,708 | 21 | % | ||||||||
EBITDA | 47,776 | 38,093 | 9,683 | 25 | % | 45,740 | 4 | % | 42,652 | 12 | % | ||||||||
Interest | 14,989 | 9,651 | 5,338 | 55 | % | 12,839 | 17 | % | 11,736 | 28 | % | ||||||||
FAS 141 Interest Adjustment | (159 | ) | | (159 | ) | 0 | % | (156 | ) | 2 | % | (152 | ) | 5 | % | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 13,048 | 10,590 | 2,458 | 23 | % | 12,437 | 5 | % | 12,682 | 3 | % | ||||||||
Income Before Minority Interest and Items | 19,898 | 17,852 | 2,046 | 11 | % | 20,620 | -4 | % | 18,386 | 8 | % | ||||||||
Income from Discontinued Operations | | 1,733 | (1,733 | ) | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 482 | -100 | % | |||||||
Gain on sale of Discontinued Operations | | 17,824 | (17,824 | ) | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 3,745 | -100 | % | |||||||
Equity in net gain on sale of joint venture property | | | | 0 | % | 3,096 | -100 | % | | 0 | % | ||||||||
Minority interestOP | (943 | ) | (1,062 | ) | 119 | -11 | % | (1,424 | ) | -34 | % | (972 | ) | -3 | % | ||||
Net Income | 18,955 | 36,347 | (17,392 | ) | -48 | % | 22,292 | -15 | % | 21,641 | -12 | % | |||||||
Dividends on convertible preferred shares | | 2,300 | (2,300 | ) | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 2,093 | -100 | % | |||||||
Dividends on convertible perpetual preferred shares | 3,000 | | 3,000 | 0 | % | 625 | 380 | % | | 0 | % | ||||||||
Preferred stock accretion | | 131 | (131 | ) | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 131 | -100 | % | |||||||
Net Income Available For Common Shareholders | 15,955 | 33,916 | (17,961 | ) | -53 | % | 21,667 | -26 | % | 19,417 | -18 | % | |||||||
Ratios | |||||||||||||||||||
MG&A to Real Estate Revenue, net | 15.26 | % | 5.30 | % | 11.00 | % | 4.08 | % | |||||||||||
MG&A to Total Revenue, net | 12.43 | % | 4.78 | % | 9.29 | % | 3.68 | % | |||||||||||
Operating Expense to Real Estate Revenue, net | 32.70 | % | 27.78 | % | 28.62 | % | 32.07 | % | |||||||||||
EBITDA to Real Estate Revenue, net | 66.89 | % | 63.42 | % | 62.54 | % | 58.11 | % | |||||||||||
EBITDA before Ground Rent to Real Estate Revenue, net | 72.30 | % | 68.69 | % | 67.69 | % | 62.70 | % |
14
COMPARATIVE STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Unaudited ($000's omitted) |
|
|
|
|
|
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Three Months Ended |
||||||||||||||||
Per share data: |
|||||||||||||||||
Mar-04 |
Mar-03 |
+/- |
% |
Dec-03 |
% |
Sep-03 |
% |
||||||||||
Earnings per Share | |||||||||||||||||
Net income per share (basic) | 0.42 | 1.11 | (0.69 | ) | -62 | % | 0.60 | -30 | % | 0.62 | -32 | % | |||||
Net income per share (diluted) | 0.40 | 1.01 | (0.61 | ) | -60 | % | 0.58 | -31 | % | 0.59 | -32 | % | |||||
Taxable Income |
|||||||||||||||||
Net Income Available For Common Shareholders | 15,955 | 33,916 | (17,961 | ) | -53 | % | 21,667 | -26 | % | 19,417 | -18 | % | |||||
Book/Tax Depreciation Adjustment | 2,163 | 2,546 | (383 | ) | -15 | % | 1,589 | 36 | % | 1,756 | 23 | % | |||||
Book/Tax Gain Recognition Adjustment | | (12,827 | ) | 12,827 | -100 | % | (3,396 | ) | -100 | % | (622 | ) | -100 | % | |||
Book/Tax JV Net equity adjustment | 3,172 | | 3,172 | 0 | % | | 0 | % | 0 | 0 | % | ||||||
Other Operating Adjustments | (2,034 | ) | (4,100 | ) | 2,066 | -50 | % | (7,074 | ) | -71 | % | (234 | ) | 769 | % | ||
C-corp Earnings | 339 | 97 | 242 | 249 | % | 170 | 99 | % | 131 | 159 | % | ||||||
Taxable Income | 19,595 | 19,632 | (37 | ) | 0 | % | 12,956 | 51 | % | 20,448 | -4 | % | |||||
Dividend per share |
0.500 |
0.465 |
0.035 |
8 |
% |
0.500 |
0 |
% |
0.465 |
8 |
% |
||||||
Estimated payout of taxable income | 97 | % | 84 | % | 13.00 | % | 15 | % | 167 | % | -42 | % | 92 | % | 5 | % | |
Basic weighted average common shares | 37,978 | 30,706 | 7,272 | 24 | % | 35,957 | 6 | % | 31,269 | 21 | % | ||||||
Diluted weighted average common shares and common share equivalents outstanding | 42,010 | 38,182 | 3,828 | 10 | % | 39,764 | 6 | % | 39,186 | 7 | % |
Payout of Taxable Income Analysis:
Estimated taxable income is derived from net income less straightline rent, free rent net of amortization of free rent, plus tax gain on sale of properties, credit loss, straightline ground rent and the difference between tax and GAAP depreciation. The Company has deferred the taxable gain on the sales 29 West 35th Street, 17 Battery Place South, 90 Broad Street, 50 West 23rd Street, 1370 Broadway, and 1412 Broadway through 1031 exchanges.
15
JOINT VENTURE STATEMENTS Balance sheet for unconsolidated joint ventures Unaudited (000's omitted) |
|
March 31, 2004 |
|
March 31, 2003 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total Property |
SLG Property Interest |
|
Total Property |
SLG Property Interest |
||||||
Land & land interests | 424,722 | 208,511 | 219,993 | 117,455 | |||||||
Buildings & improvements | 1,782,616 | 876,140 | 924,818 | 495,038 | |||||||
2,207,338 | 1,084,651 | 1,144,811 | 612,493 | ||||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (73,041 | ) | (38,554 | ) | (35,892 | ) | (18,536 | ) | |||
Net Real Estate |
2,134,297 |
1,046,097 |
1,108,919 |
593,957 |
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
53,834 |
26,634 |
33,316 |
17,334 |
|||||||
Restricted cash | 32,785 | 17,328 | 32,330 | 17,377 | |||||||
Tenant receivables, net of $819 reserve | 4,128 | 2,140 | 6,057 | 3,280 | |||||||
Deferred rents receivable, net of reserve for tenant credit loss of $965 at 3/31/04 | 24,895 | 13,343 | 16,118 | 8,418 | |||||||
Deferred costs, net | 14,001 | 7,474 | 13,200 | 7,072 | |||||||
Other assets | 18,860 | 9,411 | 1,101 | 632 | |||||||
Total Assets |
2,282,800 |
1,122,427 |
1,211,041 |
648,070 |
|||||||
Mortgage loan payable |
954,855 |
489,940 |
references pages 22 & 25 |
742,283 |
396,192 |
||||||
Derivative Instrumentsfair value | | | (7 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||
Accrued interest payable | 2,256 | 1,149 | 2,166 | 1,124 | |||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 59,530 | 28,974 | 38,793 | 22,680 | |||||||
Security deposits | 6,603 | 3,229 | 5,438 | 2,744 | |||||||
Contributed Capital(1) | 1,259,556 | 599,135 | references page 14 | 422,368 | 225,334 | ||||||
Total Liabilities and Equity |
2,282,800 |
1,122,427 |
1,211,041 |
648,070 |
|||||||
As of March 31, 2004 the Company has seven joint venture interests representing a 50% interest in 180 Madison Avenue acquired in December 2000, a 55% interest in1250 Broadway acquired in September 2001, a 50% interest in 100 Park Avenue acquired in February 2000, a 55% interest in 1 Park Avenue contributed in June 2001, a 55% interest in 1515 Broadway acquired in May 2002, 45% interest in Avenue of the Americas acquired in December 2003, and 35% interest in 19 W. 44th Street acquired in March 2004. These interests are accounted for on the equity method of accounting and, therefore, are not consolidated into the company's financial statements. Additional detail is available on page 36.
16
JOINT VENTURE STATEMENTS Statements of operations for unconsolidated joint ventures Unaudited (000's omitted) |
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2003 |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total Property |
SLG Property Interest |
SLG Subsidiary |
Total Property |
SLG Property Interest |
SLG Subsidiary |
||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||
Rental Revenue, net | 62,463 | 30,954 | 32,819 | 17,406 | ||||||||||
Free rent | 1,293 | 692 | 1,352 | 733 | ||||||||||
Amortization of free rent | (361 | ) | (189 | ) | (265 | ) | (136 | ) | ||||||
Net free rent | 932 | 503 | 1,087 | 597 | ||||||||||
Straight-line rent |
3,221 |
1,565 |
1,947 |
1,039 |
||||||||||
FAS 141 Adjustment | 416 | 191 | ||||||||||||
Allowance for S/L tenant credit loss | (524 | ) | (265 | ) | (307 | ) | (164 | ) | ||||||
Escalation and reimbursement revenues | 12,197 | 6,153 | 8,576 | 4,559 | ||||||||||
Investment income | 83 | 45 | 128 | 69 | ||||||||||
Other income | 83 | 38 | 110 | 60 | ||||||||||
Total Revenues, net | 78,871 | 39,184 | 44,360 | 23,567 | ||||||||||
Expenses |
||||||||||||||
Operating expenses | 19,695 | 9,932 | 12,156 | 6,471 | ||||||||||
Real estate taxes | 14,135 | 7,078 | 8,186 | 4,345 | ||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 33,830 | 17,010 | 20,342 | 10,816 | ||||||||||
GAAP NOI |
45,041 |
22,174 |
24,325 |
12,915 |
||||||||||
Cash NOI | 41,412 | 20,371 | 21,291 | 11,279 | ||||||||||
Interest |
9,817 |
5,114 |
8,862 |
4,675 |
||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 13,000 | 6,509 | 7,335 | 3,901 | ||||||||||
Net Income | 22,224 | 10,551 | references page 16 | 7,821 | 4,176 | |||||||||
Plus: Real Estate Depreciation |
12,086 |
6,000 |
references page 21 |
6,382 |
3,387 |
|||||||||
Plus: Management & Leasing Fees | | | 49 | | | 69 | ||||||||
Funds From Operations | 34,310 | 16,551 | 14,203 | 7,563 | ||||||||||
FAD Adjustments: |
||||||||||||||
Plus: Non Real Estate Depreciation | 934 | 510 | 953 | 517 | ||||||||||
Plus: 2% Allowance for S/L Tenant Credit Loss | 524 | 265 | 307 | 164 | ||||||||||
Less: Net FAS 141 Adjustment | (416 | ) | (191 | ) | | | ||||||||
Less: Free and S/L Rent | (4,153 | ) | (2,068 | ) | (3,034 | ) | (1,638 | ) | ||||||
Less: Second Cycle Tenant Improvement, | (1,427 | ) | (759 | ) | (3,624 | ) | (1,768 | ) | ||||||
Less: Second Cycle Leasing Commissions | (2,342 | ) | (1,281 | ) | (1,253 | ) | (684 | ) | ||||||
Less: Recurring Capex | (68 | ) | (37 | ) | (62 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||||
FAD Adjustment | (6,948 | ) | (3,561 | ) | (6,713 | ) | (3,441 | ) | ||||||
Operating Expense to Real Estate Revenue, net | 24.99 | % | 25.35 | % | 27.36 | % | 27.42 | % | ||||||
GAAP NOI to Real Estate Revenue, net | 57.15 | % | 56.60 | % | 54.75 | % | 54.72 | % | ||||||
Cash NOI to Real Estate Revenue, net | 52.54 | % | 52.00 | % | 47.92 | % | 47.79 | % | ||||||
17
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|
Series C Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Deferred Compensation Plan |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
TOTAL |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($000's omitted) |
||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2002 | 0 | 304 | 592,585 | 50,058 | (5,562 | ) | (10,740 | ) | 626,645 | ||||||
Net Income |
98,159 |
98,159 |
|||||||||||||
Preferred Dividend and Accretion | (7,712 | ) | (7,712 | ) | |||||||||||
Exercise of employee stock options | 3 | 7,589 | 7,592 | ||||||||||||
Stock based compensationfair value | 632 | 632 | |||||||||||||
Cash distributions declared ($1.895 per common share) | (61,539 | ) | (61,539 | ) | |||||||||||
Comprehensive IncomeUnrealized gain of derivative instruments | 9,779 | 9,779 | |||||||||||||
Dividend reinvestment plan | 1 | 3,650 | 3,651 | ||||||||||||
Redemption of operating partnership units | 3 | 5,699 | 5,702 | ||||||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock | 47 | 112,059 | 112,106 | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from preffered stock offering | 151,981 | 151,981 | |||||||||||||
Deferred compensation plan | 2 | 6,668 | (6,670 | ) | | ||||||||||
Amortization of deferred compensation | 3,786 | 3,786 | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 151,981 | 360 | 728,882 | 78,966 | (8,446 | ) | (961 | ) | 950,782 | ||||||
Net Income |
18,955 |
18,955 |
|||||||||||||
Preferred Dividend | (3,000 | ) | (3,000 | ) | |||||||||||
Exercise of employee stock options | 3 | 7,096 | 7,099 | ||||||||||||
Stock Optionsfair value | 227 | 227 | |||||||||||||
Cash distributions declared ($0.500 per common share) | (19,318 | ) | (19,318 | ) | |||||||||||
Comprehensive IncomeUnrealized loss of derivative instruments | (2,743 | ) | (2,743 | ) | |||||||||||
Dividend reinvestment plan | 15 | 15 | |||||||||||||
Redemption of operating partnership units | 1 | 1,912 | 1,913 | ||||||||||||
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock | 18 | 73,617 | 73,635 | ||||||||||||
Deferred compensation plan | 3 | 14,093 | (14,096 | ) | | ||||||||||
Amortization of deferred compensation | 4,900 | 4,900 | |||||||||||||
Balance at March 31, 2004 | 151,981 | 385 | 825,842 | 75,603 | (17,642 | ) | (3,704 | ) | 1,032,465 |
RECONCILIATION OF SHARES AND UNITS OUTSTANDING, AND DILUTION COMPUTATION
|
Common Stock |
OP Units |
Stock-Based Compensation |
Sub-total |
Preferred Stock |
Diluted Shares |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Balance at December 31, 2003 | 36,015,791 | 2,305,955 | | 38,321,746 | | 38,970,199 | ||||||
YTD share activity | 2,535,549 | (81,250 | ) | | 2,454,299 | | 2,454,299 | |||||
Balance at March 31, 2004Basic | 38,551,340 | 2,224,705 | | 40,776,045 | | 40,776,045 | ||||||
Dilution Factor | (573,376 | ) | 61,095 | 1,746,031 | 1,233,750 | 1,233,750 | ||||||
Balance at March 31, 2004Diluted | 37,977,964 | 2,285,800 | 1,746,031 | 42,009,795 | | 42,009,795 |
18
COMPARATIVE COMPUTATION OF FFO AND FAD Unaudited ($000's omittedexcept per share data) |
|
|
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Mar-04 |
Mar-03 |
% |
Dec-03 |
% |
Sep-03 |
% |
|||||||||
Funds from operations | |||||||||||||||||
Net Income before Minority Interests and Items | 19,898 | 17,852 | 11 | % | 20,620 | -4 | % | 18,386 | 8 | % | |||||||
Add: | Depreciation and Amortization | 13,048 | 10,590 | 23 | % | 12,437 | 5 | % | 12,682 | 3 | % | ||||||
FFO from Discontinued Operations | | 2,184 | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 617 | -100 | % | |||||||
FFO adjustment for Joint Ventures | 6,000 | 3,387 | 77 | % | 3,680 | 63 | % | 3,477 | 73 | % | |||||||
Less: | Dividends on Convertible Preferred Shares | | 2,300 | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 2,093 | -100 | % | ||||||
Dividends on Perpetual Preferred Shares | 3,000 | | 0 | % | 625 | 380 | % | | 0 | % | |||||||
Non Real Estate Depreciation/Amortization of Finance Costs | 956 | 1,485 | -36 | % | 870 | 10 | % | 1,237 | -23 | % | |||||||
Funds From OperationsBasic | 34,990 | 30,228 | 16 | % | 35,242 | -1 | % | 31,832 | 10 | % | |||||||
Funds From OperationsBasic per Share |
0.87 |
0.92 |
- -5 |
% |
0.92 |
- -6 |
% |
0.95 |
- -8 |
% |
|||||||
Add: | Dividends on Convertible Preferred Shares | | 2,300 | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 2,093 | -100 | % | ||||||
Funds From OperationsDiluted | 34,990 | 32,528 | 8 | % | 35,242 | -1 | % | 33,925 | 3 | % | |||||||
Funds From OperationsDiluted per Share |
0.83 |
0.85 |
- -2 |
% |
0.89 |
- -6 |
% |
0.87 |
- -4 |
% |
|||||||
Funds Available for Distribution | |||||||||||||||||
FFO | 34,990 | 32,528 | 8 | % | 35,242 | -1 | % | 33,925 | 3 | % | |||||||
Add: |
Non Real Estate Depreciation |
956 |
1,485 |
- -36 |
% |
870 |
10 |
% |
1,237 |
- -23 |
% |
||||||
Allowance for S/L tenant credit loss | 939 | 409 | 130 | % | 650 | 44 | % | 268 | 250 | % | |||||||
Straightline Ground Rent | 160 | 160 | 0 | % | 60 | 167 | % | 160 | 0 | % | |||||||
Noncash Deferred Compensation | 4,900 | 616 | 695 | % | 1,938 | 153 | % | 454 | 980 | % | |||||||
Less: | FAD adjustment for Joint Ventures | 3,561 | 3,441 | 3 | % | 6,321 | -44 | % | 1,640 | 117 | % | ||||||
FAD adjustment for Discontinued Operations | | 151 | -100 | % | | 0 | % | 21 | -100 | % | |||||||
Straightline Rental Income | 1,863 | 1,376 | 35 | % | 2,050 | -9 | % | 2,066 | -10 | % | |||||||
Net FAS 141 Adjustment | 101 | | 0 | % | 98 | 3 | % | 111 | -9 | % | |||||||
Free RentOccupied (Net of Amortization, incl. First Cycle) | 383 | 584 | -34 | % | 292 | 31 | % | 573 | -33 | % | |||||||
Amortization of Mortgage Investment Discount | 44 | 82 | -46 | % | 41 | 7 | % | 41 | 8 | % | |||||||
Second Cycle Tenant Improvements | 6,952 | 1,460 | 376 | % | 5,027 | 38 | % | 2,877 | 142 | % | |||||||
Second Cycle Leasing Commissions | 5,240 | 1,456 | 260 | % | 685 | 665 | % | 1,025 | 411 | % | |||||||
Revenue Enhancing Recurring CAPEX | 62 | 175 | -65 | % | 390 | -84 | % | 352 | -82 | % | |||||||
NonRevenue Enhancing Recurring CAPEX | 317 | 363 | -13 | % | 1,622 | -80 | % | 779 | -59 | % | |||||||
Funds Available for Distribution |
23,422 |
26,110 |
- -10 |
% |
22,234 |
5 |
% |
26,559 |
- -12 |
% |
|||||||
Diluted per Share | 0.56 | 0.68 | -18 | % | 0.56 | 0 | % | 0.68 | -18 | % | |||||||
First Cycle Leasing Costs |
|||||||||||||||||
Tenant Improvement | 48 | | 0 | % | 28 | 71 | % | 106 | -55 | % | |||||||
Leasing Commissions | | | 0 | % | 20 | -100 | % | 25 | -100 | % | |||||||
Funds Available for Distribution after First Cycle Leasing Costs |
23,374 |
26,110 |
- -10 |
% |
22,186 |
5 |
% |
26,428 |
- -12 |
% |
|||||||
Funds Available for Distribution per Diluted Weighted Average Unit and Common Share |
0.56 |
0.68 |
- -19 |
% |
0.56 |
0 |
% |
0.67 |
- -18 |
% |
|||||||
Redevelopment Costs |
876 |
635 |
38 |
% |
2,209 |
- -60 |
% |
2,850 |
- -69 |
% |
|||||||
Payout Ratio of Funds From Operations | 60.03 | % | 54.58 | % | 56.42 | % | 53.71 | % | |||||||||
Payout Ratio of Funds Available for Distribution Before First Cycle Leasing Costs | 89.68 | % | 68.00 | % | 89.42 | % | 68.61 | % | |||||||||
19
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Capitalization Analysis Unaudited ($000's omitted) |
|
March 31, |
December 31, |
September 30, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2004 |
2003 |
2003 |
2003 |
||||||
Market Capitalization | ||||||||||
Common Equity: | ||||||||||
Common Shares Outstanding | 38,551 | 30,939 | 36,016 | 35,876 | ||||||
OP Units Outstanding | 2,225 | 2,404 | 2,306 | 2,306 | ||||||
Total Common Equity (Shares and Units) | 40,776 | 33,343 | 38,322 | 38,182 | ||||||
Share Price (End of Period) | 47.70 | 30.56 | 41.05 | 36.11 | ||||||
Equity Market Value | 1,945,017 | 1,018,972 | 1,573,114 | 1,378,753 | ||||||
Preferred Equity at Liquidation Value: | 157,500 | 115,000 | 157,500 | | ||||||
Real Estate Debt | ||||||||||
Property Level Mortgage Debt | 515,018 | 636,289 | 515,871 | 532,426 | ||||||
Company's portion of Joint Venture Mortgages | 489,940 | 396,192 | 473,558 | 402,635 | ||||||
Outstanding Balance onTerm Loans | 367,410 | 100,000 | 367,578 | 165,000 | ||||||
Outstanding Balance onSecured Credit Line | 100,000 | | 66,000 | 14,000 | ||||||
Outstanding Balance onUnsecured Credit Line | 78,000 | 51,000 | 170,000 | 81,000 | ||||||
Total Combined Debt | 1,550,368 | 1,183,481 | 1,593,007 | 1,195,061 | ||||||
Total Market Cap (Debt & Equity) | 3,652,885 | 2,317,453 | 3,323,621 | 2,573,814 | ||||||
Availability | ||||||||||
Senior Unsecured Line of Credit | ||||||||||
Maximum Line Available | 300,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | ||||||
Letters of Credit issued | 4,000 | 5,000 | 4,000 | 11,500 | ||||||
Outstanding Balance | 78,000 | 51,000 | 170,000 | 81,000 | ||||||
Net Line Availability | 218,000 | 244,000 | 126,000 | 207,500 | ||||||
Term Loans | ||||||||||
Maximum Available | 367,410 | 150,000 | 367,578 | 200,000 | ||||||
Outstanding Balance | 367,410 | 100,000 | 367,578 | 165,000 | ||||||
Net Availability | | 50,000 | | 35,000 | ||||||
Secured Line of Credit | ||||||||||
Maximum Line Available | 125,000 | 75,000 | 75,000 | 75,000 | ||||||
Outstanding Balance | 100,000 | | 66,000 | 14,000 | ||||||
Net Line Availability | 25,000 | 75,000 | 9,000 | 61,000 | ||||||
Total Availability under Lines of Credit & Term Loans | 243,000 | 369,000 | 135,000 | 303,500 | ||||||
Ratio Analysis | ||||||||||
Consolidated Basis | ||||||||||
Debt to Market Cap Ratio | 33.53 | % | 40.98 | % | 39.28 | % | 36.50 | % | ||
Debt to Gross Real Estate Book Ratio(1) | 71.48 | % | 59.88 | % | 81.21 | % | 61.71 | % | ||
Secured Real Estate Debt to Secured Assets Gross Book(1) | 76.00 | % | 70.87 | % | 76.59 | % | 70.56 | % | ||
Unsecured Debt to Unencumbered AssetsGross Book Value(1) | 12.82 | % | 12.12 | % | 28.01 | % | 16.63 | % | ||
Secured Line of Credit to Structured Finance Assets(1) | 36.16 | % | 0.00 | % | 30.14 | % | 8.34 | % | ||
Joint Ventures Allocated | ||||||||||
Combined Debt to Market Cap Ratio | 42.44 | % | 51.07 | % | 47.93 | % | 46.43 | % | ||
Debt to Gross Real Estate Book Ratio(1) | 59.73 | % | 61.81 | % | 114.45 | % | 63.41 | % | ||
Secured Debt to Secured Assets Gross Book(1, 2) | 57.02 | % | 68.94 | % | 146.89 | % | 68.97 | % |
20
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA Property NOI and Coverage Ratios Unaudited ($000's omitted) |
|
|
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Mar-04 |
Mar-03 |
+/- |
% |
Dec-03 |
+/- |
% |
||||||||||
Funds from operations | 34,990 | 30,228 | 4,762 | 16 | % | 35,242 | (252 | ) | -1 | % | ||||||||
Less: | Non-Building Revenue | 20,685 | 9,597 | 11,088 | 116 | % | 15,151 | 5,534 | 37 | % | ||||||||
Plus: | Interest Expense (incl. Capital Lease Int.) | 14,989 | 10,305 | 4,684 | 45 | % | 12,839 | 2,150 | 17 | % | ||||||||
Non Real Estate Depreciation | 956 | 1,463 | (507 | ) | -35 | % | 870 | 86 | 10 | % | ||||||||
MG&A Expense | 10,903 | 3,186 | 7,717 | 242 | % | 8,048 | 2,855 | 35 | % | |||||||||
Preferred Dividend | 3,000 | 2,300 | 700 | 30 | % | 625 | 2,375 | 380 | % | |||||||||
GAAP NOI | 44,153 | 37,885 | 6,268 | 17 | % | 42,473 | 1,680 | 4 | % | |||||||||
Non-cash adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||
Less: | Free Rent (Net of Amortization) | 886 | 1,224 | (338 | ) | -28 | % | 795 | 91 | 11 | % | |||||||
Net FAS 141 Adjustment | 101 | | 101 | 0 | % | 98 | 3 | 3 | % | |||||||||
Straightline Revenue Adjustment | 3,428 | 2,541 | 887 | 35 | % | 3,615 | (187 | ) | -5 | % | ||||||||
Plus: |
Allowance for S/L tenant credit loss |
939 |
409 |
530 |
130 |
% |
650 |
289 |
44 |
% |
||||||||
Ground Lease Straight-line Adjustment | 160 | 160 | | 0 | % | 60 | 100 | 167 | % | |||||||||
Cash NOI | 40,837 | 34,689 | 6,148 | 18 | % | 38,675 | 2,162 | 6 | % | |||||||||
Real Estate Revenue, net |
72,368 |
64,514 |
7,854 |
12 |
% |
73,781 |
(1,413 |
) |
- -2 |
% |
||||||||
Components of debt and fixed charges |
||||||||||||||||||
Interest on Fixed Rate Loans | 11,211 | 6,232 | 4,979 | 80 | % | 9,451 | 1,760 | 19 | % | |||||||||
Interest on Floating Rate Loans | 3,778 | 4,073 | (295 | ) | -7 | % | 3,388 | 390 | 12 | % | ||||||||
Fixed Amortization Principal Payments | 1,068 | 930 | 138 | 15 | % | 1,009 | 59 | 6 | % | |||||||||
Total Debt Service | 16,057 | 11,235 | 4,822 | 43 | % | 13,848 | 2,209 | 16 | % | |||||||||
Payments under Ground Lease Arrangements |
3,706 |
3,004 |
702 |
23 |
% |
3,706 |
|
0 |
% |
|||||||||
Dividends on convertible preferred shares | | 2,300 | (2,300 | ) | -100 | % | | | 0 | % | ||||||||
Dividends on convertible perpetual preferred shares | 3,000 | | 3,000 | 0 | % | 625 | 2,375 | 380 | % | |||||||||
Total Fixed Charges | 22,763 | 16,539 | 6,224 | 38 | % | 18,179 | 4,584 | 25 | % | |||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA | 59,226 | 43,695 | 51,422 | |||||||||||||||
Interest Coverage Ratio | 3.95 | 4.24 | 4.01 | |||||||||||||||
Debt Service Coverage ratio | 3.69 | 3.89 | 3.71 | |||||||||||||||
Fixed Charge Coverage ratio | 2.60 | 2.64 | 2.83 | |||||||||||||||
21
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 2004 Same Store Unaudited ($000's omitted) |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Three Months Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2004 |
2003 |
+/- |
% |
2003 |
+/- |
% |
|||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||||||||
Rental Revenue | 47,540 | 46,925 | 615 | 1 | % | 47,320 | 220 | 0 | % | ||||||||
Credit Loss | (831 | ) | (367 | ) | (464 | ) | 126 | % | (602 | ) | (229 | ) | 38 | % | |||
Signage Rent | 50 | 294 | (244 | ) | -83 | % | 73 | (22 | ) | -31 | % | ||||||
Escalation & Reimbursement Revenues | 7,864 | 7,407 | 457 | 6 | % | 9,680 | (1,816 | ) | -19 | % | |||||||
Investment & Other Income | 142 | 718 | (576 | ) | -80 | % | 617 | (475 | ) | -77 | % | ||||||
Total Revenues | 54,765 | 54,977 | (212 | ) | 0 | % | 57,088 | (2,323 | ) | -4 | % | ||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||||||||
Operating Expense | 15,804 | 14,510 | 1,295 | 9 | % | 13,692 | 2,113 | 15 | % | ||||||||
Ground Rent | 3,159 | 3,159 | | 0 | % | 3,059 | 100 | 3 | % | ||||||||
Real Estate Taxes | 9,306 | 8,815 | 491 | 6 | % | 9,154 | 152 | 2 | % | ||||||||
28,269 | 26,484 | 1,785 | 7 | % | 25,905 | 2,364 | 9 | % | |||||||||
EBITDA |
26,496 |
28,493 |
(1,997 |
) |
- -7 |
% |
31,183 |
(4,687 |
) |
- -15 |
% |
||||||
Interest |
6,305 |
7,133 |
(827 |
) |
- -12 |
% |
6,364 |
(57 |
) |
- -1 |
% |
||||||
Depreciation & Amortization | 9,245 | 8,018 | 1,227 | 15 | % | 8,914 | 331 | 4 | % | ||||||||
Income Before Minority Interest | 10,946 | 13,342 | (2,396 | ) | -18 | % | 15,905 | (4,959 | ) | -31 | % | ||||||
Plus: | Real Estate Depreciation & Amortization | 9,072 | 7,768 | 1,304 | 17 | % | 8,610 | 462 | 5 | % | |||||||
FFO | 20,018 | 21,110 | (1,092 | ) | -5 | % | 24,515 | (4,497 | ) | -18 | % | ||||||
Less: |
Non-Building Revenue |
125 |
408 |
(283 |
) |
- -69 |
% |
80 |
45 |
56 |
% |
||||||
Plus: |
Interest Expense |
6,305 |
7,133 |
(828 |
) |
- -12 |
% |
6,364 |
(59 |
) |
- -1 |
% |
|||||
Non Real Estate Depreciation | 174 | 250 | (76 | ) | -30 | % | 304 | (132 | ) | -43 | % | ||||||
GAAP NOI | 26,372 | 28,085 | (1,713 | ) | -6 | % | 31,103 | (4,731 | ) | -15 | % | ||||||
Cash Adjustments |
|||||||||||||||||
Less: | Free Rent (Net of Amortization) | 461 | 436 | 25 | 6 | % | 65 | 396 | 607 | % | |||||||
Straightline Revenue Adjustment | 1,063 | 1,246 | (183 | ) | -15 | % | 1,227 | (164 | ) | -13 | % | ||||||
Plus: |
Allowance for S/L tenant credit loss |
831 |
367 |
464 |
126 |
% |
602 |
229 |
38 |
% |
|||||||
Ground Lease Straight-line Adjustment | 160 | 160 | | 0 | % | 160 | | 0 | % | ||||||||
Cash NOI | 25,839 | 26,930 | (1,091 | ) | -4 | % | 30,573 | (4,734 | ) | -15 | % | ||||||
Operating Margins |
|||||||||||||||||
GAAP NOI to Real Estate Revenue, net | 47.54 | % | 51.12 | % | 53.99 | % | |||||||||||
Cash NOI to Real Estate Revenue, net | 46.58 | % | 49.02 | % | 53.07 | % | |||||||||||
GAAP NOI before Ground Rent/Real Estate Revenue, net | 53.24 | % | 56.87 | % | 59.30 | % | |||||||||||
Cash NOI before Ground Rent/Real Estate Revenue, net | 51.99 | % | 54.48 | % | 58.10 | % |
22
DEBT SUMMARY SCHEDULE Unaudited (000's omitted) |
|
Principal O/S Outstanding 3/31/2004 |
Coupon |
Fixed Annual Payment |
2004 Principal Repayment |
Maturity Date |
Due at Maturity |
As-Of Right Extension |
Earliest Prepayment |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed rate debt | ||||||||||||||||||
Secured fixed Rate Debt | ||||||||||||||||||
125 Broad Street | 76,019 | 8.29 | % | 7,058 | 717 | 10/11/2007 | 72,320 | | Oct-03 | |||||||||
673 First Avenue | 35,000 | 5.67 | % | 1,985 | | 2/20/2013 | 29,863 | | Feb-06 | |||||||||
CIBC (against 1414 Ave. of Americas and 70 W. 36th St.) | 25,227 | 7.90 | % | 2,453 | 387 | 5/1/2009 | 12,196 | | Apr-03 | |||||||||
711 Third Avenue | 47,925 | 8.13 | % | 4,444 | 434 | 9/10/2005 | 47,247 | | Jun-04 | |||||||||
220 E 42nd Street | 210,000 | 5.23 | % | 11,360 | | 11/1/2013 | 175,299 | | Dec-06 | |||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 120,847 | 8.44 | % | 12,563 | 1,871 | 11/1/2010 | 104,406 | | Open | |||||||||
515,018 | 6.87 | % | 39,863 | 3,409 | ||||||||||||||
Unsecured fixed rate debt | ||||||||||||||||||
Fleet Term Loan | 67,410 | 8.10 | % | 5,562 | | 11/4/2004 | 66,959 | | May-04 | |||||||||
Wells Fargo Unsecured Term Loan (Libor swap + 150bps)(1) | 200,000 | 5.06 | % | 10,119 | | 6/1/2008 | 200,000 | | Nov-05 | |||||||||
267,410 | 5.83 | % | 15,681 | | ||||||||||||||
Total Fixed Rate Debt/Wtd Avg | 782,428 | 6.51 | % | 55,545 | 3,409 | |||||||||||||
Floating rate Debt | ||||||||||||||||||
Secured floating rate debt | ||||||||||||||||||
Wells Fargo Unsecured Term Loan (Libor + 150 bps) | 100,000 | 2.67 | % | | | 12/29/2008 | 100,000 | | Dec-04 | |||||||||
Secured Line of Credit (Libor + 140bps) | 100,000 | 2.52 | % | | | 12/22/2004 | | | Open | |||||||||
Total Floating Rate Secured Debt/Wtd Avg | 200,000 | 2.60 | % | | | |||||||||||||
Unsecured floating rate debt | ||||||||||||||||||
Senior Unsecured Line of Credit (Libor + 140 bps) | 78,000 | 2.87 | % | | | 3/20/2006 | 78,000 | | Open | |||||||||
Total Floating Rate Unsecured Debt/Wtd Avg | 78,000 | 2.87 | % | | | |||||||||||||
Total Floating Rate Debt Outstanding | 278,000 | 2.67 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total Debt/Wtd Avg | 1,060,428 | 5.50 | % | |||||||||||||||
Weighted Average Balance & Interest Rate | 1,123,015 | 5.37 | % |
SUMMARY OF JOINT VENTURE DEBT
|
Principal O/S |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gross Principal |
SLG Share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Joint Venture Debt | ||||||||||||||||||||
180 Madison JV | 45,000 | 22,455 | 4.57 | % | | | 7/9/2008 | 21,297 | | Open | ||||||||||
1250 Broadway (Libor Swap of 4.03% + 250bps)(2) | 85,000 | 46,750 | 6.53 | % | 5,551 | | 10/1/2004 | 46,750 | 10/1/2006 | Open | ||||||||||
1221 Avenue of Americas (Eurodollar + 95bps) | 175,000 | 78,750 | 2.64 | % | | | 12/29/2006 | 78,750 | | Dec-04 | ||||||||||
1515 Broadway (Libor + 191 bps)(3) | 335,000 | 184,250 | 3.99 | % | | | 5/14/2004 | 184,250 | 5/14/2006 | Open | ||||||||||
19 W 44th Street (Libor + 286bps) | 47,170 | 16,510 | 4.60 | % | | | 9/1/2005 | 16,510 | | Open | ||||||||||
1 Park Avenue (Libor + 150 bps) | 150,000 | 82,500 | 2.60 | % | | | 1/10/2005 | 82,500 | | Open | ||||||||||
100 Park Avenue JV | 117,685 | 58,725 | 8.00 | % | 10,743 | 1,010 | 9/1/2010 | 53,637 | | Open | ||||||||||
Total Joint Venture Debt/Wtd Avg | 954,855 | 489,940 | 4.16 | % | 16,294 | 1,010 | ||||||||||||||
Weighted Average Balance & Interest Rate with SLG JV debt | 1,599,218 | 5.05 | % |
23
SUMMARY OF GROUND LEASE ARRANGEMENTS Consolidated Statement (REIT) ($000's omitted) |
Property |
2004 Scheduled Cash Payment |
2005 Scheduled Cash Payment |
2006 Scheduled Cash Payment |
2007 Scheduled Cash Payment |
Deferred Land Lease Obligations(1) |
Year of Maturity |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Operating Leases | ||||||||||||||
673 First Avenue | 3,010 | 3,108 | 3,304 | 3,304 | 14,030 | 2037 | ||||||||
1140 Avenue of Americas(2) | 348 | 348 | 348 | 348 | | 2016 | (3) | |||||||
420 Lexington Avenue(2) | 7,074 | 7,074 | 7,074 | 7,074 | | 2008 | (4) | |||||||
711 Third Avenue(2)(5) | 1,550 | 1,550 | 1,550 | 1,550 | 1,296 | 2032 | ||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | 1,787 | 1,787 | 894 | | | 2006 | (6) | |||||||
125 Broad Street(2) | 1,075 | 1,075 | 1,075 | 1,075 | | 2067 | (7) | |||||||
Total | 14,844 | 14,942 | 14,245 | 13,351 | 15,326 | |||||||||
Capitalized Lease | ||||||||||||||
673 First Avenue | 1,290 | 1,322 | 1,416 | 1,416 | 16,247 | 2037 | ||||||||
24
STRUCTURED FINANCE ($000's omitted) |
|
Assets Outstanding |
Wtd Average Assets during quarter |
Wtd Average Yield during quarter |
Current Yield |
Libor Rate |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
12/31/2002 | 145,639 | 194,693 | 12.51 | % | 12.68 | % | 1.35 | % | |||
Originations/Accretion |
23,040 |
||||||||||
Preferred Equity | (53,500 | ) | |||||||||
Redemptions | (683 | ) | |||||||||
3/31/2003 | 114,496 | 125,180 | 12.38 | % | 12.73 | % | 1.24 | % | |||
Originations/Accretion |
11,022 |
||||||||||
Preferred Equity | |||||||||||
Redemptions | | ||||||||||
6/30/2003 | 125,518 | 120,010 | 12.40 | % | 12.01 | % | 1.08 | % | |||
Originations/Accretion |
70,021 |
||||||||||
Preferred Equity | | ||||||||||
Redemptions | (27,584 | ) | |||||||||
9/30/2003 | 167,954 | 128,030 | 11.27 | % | 11.35 | % | 1.05 | % | |||
Originations/Accretion |
1,955 |
||||||||||
Preferred Equity | 59,380 | ||||||||||
Redemptions | (10,300 | ) | |||||||||
12/31/2003 | 218,989 | 169,393 | 11.53 | % | 11.91 | % | 1.12 | % | |||
Originations/Accretion |
80,044 |
||||||||||
Preferred Equity | (7,035 | ) | |||||||||
Redemptions | (15,460 | ) | |||||||||
3/31/2004 | 276,538 | 269,618 | 12.16 | % | 12.03 | % | 1.09 | %(2) |
25
STRUCTURED FINANCE ($000's omitted) |
||
Type of Investment |
Quarter End Balance(1) |
Senior Financing |
Exposure Psf |
Wtd Average Yield during quarter |
Current Yield |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior Mortgage Participation | $ | 93,500 | $ | 801,000 | $ | 159 | 10.73 | % | 10.80 | % | ||||
Mezzanine Debt |
$ |
98,411 |
$ |
602,000 |
$ |
295 |
12.24 |
% |
12.02 |
% |
||||
Preferred Equity |
$ |
84,627 |
$ |
213,700 |
$ |
78 |
13.13 |
% |
13.40 |
% |
||||
Balance as of 3/31/04 |
$ |
276,538 |
$ |
1,616,700 |
$ |
182 |
12.16 |
% |
12.03 |
% |
Structured Finance Maturity Profile
26
SELECTED PROPERTY DATA | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annualized Rent |
|
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
Occupancy (%) |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Properties |
|
|
Usable Sq. Feet |
% of Total Sq. Feet |
Annualized Rent ($'s) |
Total Tenants |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Submarket |
Ownership |
Mar-04 |
Dec-03 |
Sep-03 |
Jun-03 |
Mar-03 |
100% |
SLG |
||||||||||||||||||||||
PROPERTIES 100% OWNED "Same Store" |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1140 Avenue of the Americas | Rockefeller Center | Leasehold Interest | 191,000 | 1 | 95.8 | 96.0 | 96.0 | 97.8 | 97.1 | 8,234,376 | 3 | 2 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||
110 East 42nd Street | Grand Central | Fee Interest | 181,000 | 1 | 89.4 | 85.8 | 91.8 | 94.7 | 98.6 | 5,684,604 | 2 | 1 | 29 | |||||||||||||||||
1372 Broadway | Times Square South | Fee Interest | 508,000 | 3 | 99.5 | 99.5 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 99.6 | 16,165,548 | 6 | 4 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||
1414 Avenue of the Americas | Rockefeller Center | Fee Interest | 111,000 | 1 | 94.3 | 94.3 | 94.3 | 94.3 | 93.0 | 4,537,908 | 2 | 1 | 21 | |||||||||||||||||
1466 Broadway | Times Square | Fee Interest | 289,000 | 2 | 89.3 | 89.4 | 91.3 | 90.0 | 89.3 | 10,784,400 | 4 | 3 | 98 | |||||||||||||||||
17 Battery PlaceNorth | World Trade/ Battery | Fee Interest | 419,000 | 3 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 10,170,552 | 4 | 3 | 7 | |||||||||||||||||
286 Madison Avenue | Grand Central South | Fee Interest | 112,000 | 1 | 87.9 | 89.1 | 89.7 | 91.3 | 94.8 | 3,529,356 | 1 | 1 | 39 | |||||||||||||||||
290 Madison Avenue | Grand Central South | Fee Interest | 37,000 | 0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 958,584 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | Grand Central South | Fee Interest | 187,000 | 1 | 95.4 | 88.7 | 93.0 | 91.0 | 95.4 | 6,786,696 | 2 | 2 | 20 | |||||||||||||||||
317 Madison Avenue | Grand Central | Fee Interest | 450,000 | 3 | 89.4 | 90.4 | 94.9 | 94.9 | 96.1 | 14,054,562 | 5 | 3 | 94 | |||||||||||||||||
420 Lexington Ave (Graybar) | Grand Central North | Operating Sublease | 1,188,000 | 8 | 98.2 | 94.1 | 97.5 | 96.2 | 95.4 | 49,829,974 | 18 | 11 | 265 | |||||||||||||||||
440 Ninth Avenue | Times Square South | Fee Interest | 339,000 | 3 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 98.9 | 92.5 | 10,343,076 | 4 | 2 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||
470 Park Avenue South | Park Avenue South/ Flatiron | Fee Interest | 260,000 | 2 | 88.4 | 85.7 | 94.7 | 94.5 | 92.7 | 7,799,820 | 3 | 2 | 24 | |||||||||||||||||
555 West 57th | Midtown West | Fee Interest | 941,000 | 6 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.9 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 24,289,020 | 9 | 6 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||
673 First Avenue | Grand Central South | Leasehold Interest | 422,000 | 2 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 14,131,140 | 5 | 3 | 16 | |||||||||||||||||
70 West 36th Street | Times Square South | Fee Interest | 151,000 | 1 | 98.8 | 96.8 | 96.8 | 96.3 | 90.4 | 4,162,536 | 2 | 1 | 32 | |||||||||||||||||
711 Third Avenue | Grand Central North | Operating Sublease (1) | 524,000 | 3 | 99.2 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 99.8 | 20,595,828 | 7 | 5 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
Subtotal / Weighted Average | 6,310,000 | 41 | 96.9 | 95.8 | 97.5 | 97.3 | 96.9 | $ | 212,057,980 | 77 | 50 | 751 | ||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
125 Broad Street | Downtown | Leasehold Interest | 525,000 | 4 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 16,200,684 | 6 | 4 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
220 East 42nd Street | Grand Central East | Fee Interest | 1,135,000 | 7 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 94.5 | 91.9 | 35,457,888 | 13 | 8 | 41 | |||||||||||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | Grand Central | Leasehold Interest | 200,000 | 1 | 97.1 | 93.9 | | | | 11,646,936 | 4 | 3 | 19 | |||||||||||||||||
Subtotal / Weighted Average | 1,860,000 | 12 | 96.3 | 96.0 | 96.2 | 85.9 | 84.3 | $ | 63,305,508 | 23 | 15 | 65 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total/ Weighted Average Properties 100% Owned |
8,170,000 |
53 |
96.8 |
95.8 |
97.3 |
97.0 |
96.3 |
$ |
275,363,488 |
100 |
65 |
816 |
||||||||||||||||||
PROPERTIES <100% OWNED Unconsolidated |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
180 Madison Avenue50% | Grand Central South | Fee Interest | 265,000 | 2 | 82.7 | 85.6 | 87.0 | 85.7 | 83.8 | 7,392,288 | 1 | 49 | ||||||||||||||||||
1 Park Avenue55% | Grand Central South | Various Interests | 913,000 | 6 | 94.6 | 91.1 | 86.0 | 85.9 | 85.9 | 32,833,224 | 4 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
19 West 44th Street | Grand Central | Fee Interest | 292,000 | 2 | 87.4 | 8,993,040 | 1 | 67 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
1250 Broadway55% | Penn Station | Fee Interest | 670,000 | 4 | 93.1 | 91.9 | 91.8 | 92.6 | 98.2 | 20,129,568 | 2 | 28 | ||||||||||||||||||
100 Park Avenue50% | Grand Central South | Fee Interest | 834,000 | 5 | 98.3 | 97.6 | 95.8 | 95.8 | 98.3 | 32,504,304 | 4 | 43 | ||||||||||||||||||
1515 Broadway55% | Times Square | Fee Interest | 1,750,000 | 11 | 94.8 | 96.2 | 95.8 | 97.0 | 96.7 | 67,184,700 | 8 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||
1221 Avenue of the Americas45% | Rockefeller Center | Fee Interest | 2,550,000 | 17 | 98.8 | 98.8 | | | | 124,137,204 | 15 | 24 | ||||||||||||||||||
Subtotal/Weighted Average | 7,274,000 | 47 | 95.7 | 92.6 | 92.6 | 93.0 | 95.5 | $ | 293,174,328 | 35 | 240 | |||||||||||||||||||
Grand Total/ Weighted Average | 15,444,000 | 100 | 96.3 | 95.8 | 95.5 | 95.5 | 95.5 | $ | 568,537,816 | 1,056 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Grand TotalSLG share of Annualized Rent | $ | 420,362,314 | 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27
LARGEST TENANTS BY SQUARE FEET LEASED | |||||||||||||||||||||
Wholly Owned Portfolio + Allocated JV Propertie | |||||||||||||||||||||
Tenant Name |
Property |
Lease Expiration |
Total Leased Square Feet |
Annualized Rent ($) |
PSF Annualized |
% of Annualized Rent |
SLG Share of Annualized Rent($) |
% of SLG Share of Annualized Rent |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Viacom International, Inc. | 1515 Broadway | 2004, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 | 1,277,895 | $ | 59,274,648 | $ | 46.38 | 10.4 | % | $ | 32,601,056 | 7.8 | % | ||||||||
Morgan Stanley & Co. Inc. | 1221 Ave. of the Americas | Various | 496,249 | $ | 31,473,624 | $ | 63.42 | 5.5 | % | $ | 14,163,131 | 3.4 | % | ||||||||
Societe Generale | 1221 Ave. of the Americas | Various | 486,662 | $ | 23,411,832 | $ | 48.11 | 4.1 | % | $ | 10,535,324 | 2.5 | % | ||||||||
The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. | 1221 Ave. of the Americas | Various | 443,399 | $ | 19,090,140 | $ | 43.05 | 3.4 | % | $ | 8,590,563 | 2.0 | % | ||||||||
Omnicom Group | 220 East 42nd Street | 2008, 2009, 2010, 2017 | 419,111 | $ | 13,018,428 | $ | 31.06 | 2.3 | % | $ | 13,018,428 | 3.1 | % | ||||||||
Salomon Smith Barney | 125 Broad Street | 2010 | 330,900 | $ | 10,175,208 | $ | 30.75 | 1.8 | % | $ | 10,175,208 | 2.4 | % | ||||||||
Visting Nurse Services | 1250 Broadway | 2005, 2006 & 2011 | 264,331 | $ | 7,474,620 | $ | 28.28 | 1.3 | % | $ | 4,111,041 | 1.0 | % | ||||||||
The City of New York | 17 Battery Place | 2012 | 249,854 | $ | 6,250,452 | $ | 25.02 | 1.1 | % | $ | 6,250,452 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||
BMW of Manhattan, Inc. | 555 West 57th Street | 2012 | 227,782 | $ | 3,683,988 | $ | 16.17 | 0.6 | % | $ | 3,683,988 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
CBS, Inc. | 555 West 57th Street | 2013 | 188,583 | $ | 5,850,168 | $ | 31.02 | 1.0 | % | $ | 5,850,168 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||
Altria Corp | 100 Park Avenue | 2007 | 175,887 | $ | 7,456,032 | $ | 42.39 | 1.3 | % | $ | 3,720,560 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
Columbia House Company | 1221 Ave. of the Americas | Various | 175,312 | $ | 8,084,376 | $ | 46.11 | 1.4 | % | $ | 3,637,969 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
City University of New York -CUNY | 555 West 57th Street | 2010, 2011, & 2015 | 171,733 | $ | 5,124,168 | $ | 29.84 | 0.9 | % | $ | 5,124,168 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||
J&W Seligman & Co., Inc. | 100 Park Avenue | 2009 | 168,390 | $ | 6,080,736 | $ | 36.11 | 1.1 | % | $ | 3,034,287 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Segal Company | 1 Park Avenue | 2009 | 157,947 | $ | 6,080,736 | $ | 38.50 | 1.1 | % | $ | 3,344,405 | 0.8 | % | ||||||||
Sonnenschein, Nath, & Rosenthal | 1221 Ave. of the Americas | Various | 147,997 | $ | 6,954,168 | $ | 46.99 | 1.2 | % | $ | 3,129,376 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
New York Presbyterian Hospital | 555 West 57th Street & 673 First Ave | 2006, 2009, & 2021 | 140,961 | $ | 4,037,952 | $ | 28.65 | 0.7 | % | $ | 4,037,952 | 1.0 | % | ||||||||
The Mt. Sinai & NYU Hospital Centers | 1 Park Avenue | 2013 & 2015 | 140,600 | $ | 5,046,288 | $ | 35.89 | 0.9 | % | $ | 2,775,458 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Metro North Commuter Railroad Co. | 420 Lexington Avenue | 2008 & 2016 | 134,687 | $ | 4,098,912 | $ | 30.43 | 0.7 | % | $ | 4,098,912 | 1.0 | % | ||||||||
Tribune Newspaper | 220 East 42nd Street | 2010 | 134,208 | $ | 3,940,920 | $ | 29.36 | 0.7 | % | $ | 3,940,920 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital | 555 West 57th Street | 2014 | 134,150 | $ | 3,466,056 | $ | 25.84 | 0.6 | % | $ | 3,466,056 | 0.8 | % | ||||||||
Ross Stores | 1372 Broadway | 2010 | 126,001 | $ | 3,555,084 | $ | 28.21 | 0.6 | % | $ | 3,555,084 | 0.8 | % | ||||||||
JP Morgan Chase Bank | 1221 Ave. of the Americas | Various | 103,991 | $ | 6,342,348 | $ | 60.99 | 1.1 | % | $ | 2,854,057 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Fahenstock & Co., Inc. | 125 Broad Street | 2004 & 2013 | 103,566 | $ | 3,074,316 | $ | 29.68 | 0.5 | % | $ | 3,074,316 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Minskoff/Nederlander JV (1) | 1515 Broadway | 2024 | 102,452 | $ | 210,000 | $ | 2.05 | 0.0 | % | $ | 115,500 | 0.0 | % | ||||||||
TOTAL | 6,502,648 | $ | 253,255,200 | $ | 38.95 | 44.5 | % | $ | 158,888,379 | 37.8 | % | ||||||||||
Wholly Owned Portfolio + Allocated JV Properties | 15,444,000 | $ | 568,537,816 | $ | 36.81 | $ | 420,362,314 |
28
FIRST QUARTER 2004LEASING ACTIVITY Available Space |
Activity Type |
|
Building Address |
# of Leases |
Usable SF |
Rentable SF |
Rent/Rentable SF ($'s)(1) |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vacancy at 12/31/03 | 596,406 | (2) | ||||||||||
Acquired Vacancies | ||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||
19 West 44th Street | 36,662 | |||||||||||
Expiring Space | ||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||
317 Madison Avenue | 3 | 6,236 | 7,605 | 29.42 | ||||||||
1515 Broadway | 1 | 640 | 640 | 20.00 | ||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | 1 | 10,595 | 10,595 | 37.67 | ||||||||
180 Madison Avenue | 4 | 18,147 | 22,637 | 27.52 | ||||||||
286 Madison | 2 | 5,494 | 6,433 | 35.20 | ||||||||
292 Madison | 1 | 8,812 | 11,036 | 32.16 | ||||||||
1414 Sixth Avenue | 2 | 1,778 | 2,300 | 50.66 | ||||||||
1140 Sixth Avenue | 4 | 7,025 | 9,245 | 28.17 | ||||||||
1372 Broadway | 1 | 369 | 504 | 26.19 | ||||||||
125 Broad Street | 2 | 13,699 | 17,792 | 31.93 | ||||||||
110 East 42nd Street | 2 | 1,912 | 2,721 | 43.34 | ||||||||
19 West 44th Street | 3 | 3,813 | 3,813 | 36.32 | ||||||||
711 Third Avenue | 1 | 2,886 | 2,886 | 28.65 | ||||||||
1466 Broadway | 12 | 7,334 | 9,070 | 39.94 | ||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 14 | 20,550 | 26,596 | 35.29 | ||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 53 | 109,290 | 133,873 | 33.15 | ||||||||
Retail | ||||||||||||
317 Madison Avenue | 1 | 2,409 | 2,409 | 90.00 | ||||||||
1515 Broadway | 4 | 18,925 | 18,925 | 102.15 | ||||||||
292 Madison | 1 | 1,942 | 1,942 | 109.04 | ||||||||
1140 Sixth Avenue | 1 | 1,737 | 2,412 | 32.39 | ||||||||
711 Third Avenue | 1 | 7,226 | 7,301 | 86.52 | ||||||||
1466 Broadway | 1 | 756 | 1,437 | 61.81 | ||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 9 | 32,995 | 34,426 | 91.80 | ||||||||
Storage | ||||||||||||
1515 Broadway | 4 | 9,216 | 9,216 | 15.04 | ||||||||
1140 Sixth Avenue | 1 | 145 | 207 | 35.35 | ||||||||
292 Madison | 1 | 618 | 618 | 15.00 | ||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | 1 | 840 | 840 | 24.92 | ||||||||
1466 Broadway | 2 | 809 | 883 | 18.00 | ||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 9 | 11,628 | 11,764 | 16.32 | ||||||||
Move Outs | ||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||
317 Madison Avenue | 1 | 698 | 715 | 40.35 | ||||||||
470 Park Avenue South | 1 | 2,335 | 3,354 | 44.36 | ||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 6 | 11,610 | 14,431 | 37.47 | ||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 8 | 14,643 | 18,500 | 38.83 | ||||||||
Relocating Tenants | ||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||
317 Madison | 1 | 3,114 | 3,114 | 29.82 | ||||||||
470 Park Avenue South | 1 | 1,261 | 1,840 | 30.00 | ||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 2 | 1,689 | 2,446 | 49.80 | ||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 4 | 6,064 | 7,400 | 23.92 | ||||||||
Available Space | ||||||||||||
Office | 65 | 129,997 | 159,773 | 33.38 | ||||||||
Retail | 9 | 32,995 | 34,426 | 91.00 | ||||||||
Storage | 9 | 11,628 | 11,764 | 16.32 | ||||||||
Total | 83 | 174,620 | 205,963 | 42.17 | ||||||||
Available Space | 807,688 |
29
FIRST QUARTER 2004LEASING ACTIVITY Leased Space |
Activity Type |
|
Building Address |
# of Leases |
Term (Yrs) |
Usable SF |
Rentable SF |
New Cash Rent/ Rentable SF* |
Prev. Escalated Rent/ Rentable SF** |
T.I/ Rentable SF |
Free Rent # of Months |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Available Space as 3/31/04 | 807,688 | |||||||||||||||||||
Renewing Tenants | ||||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | 1 | 0.4 | 10,595 | 10,595 | 37.49 | 37.49 | | | ||||||||||||
180 Madison Avenue | 1 | 1.0 | 320 | 655 | 19.00 | 19.23 | | | ||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | 1 | 10.0 | 8,812 | 11,154 | 31.00 | 31.82 | 20.00 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
1140 Sixth Avenue | 1 | 5.0 | 1,477 | 2,139 | 30.00 | 25.94 | | 3.0 | ||||||||||||
110 East 42nd Street | 1 | 3.0 | 1,355 | 1,936 | 32.00 | 47.74 | 4.72 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
1466 Broadway | 4 | 1.6 | 2,016 | 2,768 | 42.21 | 44.29 | 1.41 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 2 | 8.3 | 2,728 | 3,981 | 29.96 | 33.13 | 11.51 | | ||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 11 | 5.1 | 27,303 | 33,228 | 33.64 | 35.12 | 8.49 | 0.7 | ||||||||||||
Retail | ||||||||||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | 1 | 12.0 | 1,942 | 2,195 | 159.37 | 96.47 | | | ||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 1 | 12.0 | 1,942 | 2,195 | 159.37 | 96.47 | | | ||||||||||||
Storage | ||||||||||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | 1 | 12.0 | 618 | 618 | 20.00 | 15.00 | ||||||||||||||
555 West 57th Street | 1 | 5.0 | 145 | 207 | 35.35 | 35.35 | | | ||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 2 | 10.2 | 763 | 825 | 23.85 | 20.11 | | | ||||||||||||
Relocating Tenants |
||||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||||
317 Madison Avenue | 1 | 12.0 | 3,223 | 4,720 | 23.84 | 22.84 | 50.19 | | ||||||||||||
470 Park Ave South | 1 | 2.8 | 1,547 | 2,400 | 30.00 | 23.00 | 5.00 | | ||||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 2 | 7.9 | 1,742 | 2,604 | 34.34 | 43.91 | 41.02 | 3.0 | ||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 4 | 8.6 | 6,512 | 9,724 | 28.17 | 28.52 | 36.58 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
New Tenants Replacing Old Tenants |
||||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||||
100 Park Avenue | 1 | 5.0 | 5,961 | 7,511 | 43.50 | 33.74 | 41.62 | 4.0 | ||||||||||||
1250 Broadway | 1 | 12.0 | 7,918 | 11,907 | 25.00 | 22.61 | 9.72 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||
286 Madison Avenue | 1 | 5.0 | 1,166 | 1,780 | 29.00 | 26.36 | 7.96 | | ||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | 2 | 17.0 | 12,519 | 16,258 | 26.29 | 30.52 | 43.51 | 8.0 | ||||||||||||
70 West 36th Street | 1 | 5.0 | 3,125 | 4,039 | 23.00 | 20.06 | 46.83 | 2.0 | ||||||||||||
1140 Sixth Avenue | 1 | 10.0 | 3,401 | 4,417 | 36.00 | 47.95 | 52.00 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||
125 Broad Street | 2 | 9.5 | 13,699 | 17,792 | 28.00 | 31.93 | 7.50 | | ||||||||||||
110 East 42nd St | 4 | 6.0 | 9,266 | 13,258 | 33.02 | 43.02 | 24.96 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||
1466 Broadway | 8 | 4.3 | 14,419 | 19,624 | 36.17 | 33.56 | 15.69 | 13.0 | ||||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 14 | 12.7 | 61,891 | 83,135 | 29.96 | 26.36 | 39.19 | 48.0 | ||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 35 | 10.7 | 133,365 | 179,721 | 30.58 | 29.75 | 31.15 | 2.7 | ||||||||||||
Retail | ||||||||||||||||||||
1515 Broadway | 1 | 10.0 | 5,123 | 5,123 | 515.00 | 194.32 | 12.85 | 6.0 | ||||||||||||
470 Park Ave South | 1 | 15.5 | 6,822 | 6,822 | 42.00 | 23.17 | | 6.0 | ||||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 1 | 10.0 | 4,230 | 4,230 | 150.00 | 86.52 | 45.41 | 5.0 | ||||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 3 | 12.3 | 16,175 | 16,175 | 220.05 | 93.94 | 15.95 | 5.7 |
30
FIRST QUARTER - 2004 LEASING ACTIVITY Leased Space |
Activity Type |
Building Address |
# of Leases |
Term (Yrs) |
Usable SF |
Rentable SF |
New Cash Rent/ Rentable SF* |
Prev. Escalated Rent/ Rentable SF* |
T.I./ Rentable SF* |
Free Rent # of Months |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total/Weighted Average Office | 50 | 9.8 | 167,180 | 222,673 | 30.91 | 30.50 | 28.01 | 2.0 | ||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average Retail | 4 | 12.3 | 18,117 | 18,370 | 212.80 | 94.25 | 14.04 | 4.3 | ||||||||||
Total/Weighted Averagee Storage | 2 | 10.2 | 763 | 825 | 23.85 | 20.11 | | | ||||||||||
New Tenants Replacing Vacancies |
||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | 1 | 7.8 | 6,516 | 6,660 | 55.00 | | 36.89 | 5.0 | ||||||||||
286 Madison Avenue | 1 | 3.0 | 1,614 | 2,359 | 27.00 | | 8.91 | 2.0 | ||||||||||
1466 Broadway | 1 | 1.0 | 169 | 249 | 40.38 | | 35.05 | | ||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 1 | 3.2 | 692 | 989 | 32.00 | | 15.00 | 1.0 | ||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 4 | 6.1 | 8,991 | 10,257 | 45.99 | | 28.30 | 2.0 | ||||||||||
Storage | ||||||||||||||||||
317 Madison Avenue | 1 | 9.7 | 174 | 263 | 20.00 | | | | ||||||||||
440 Ninth Avenue | 1 | 6.1 | 194 | 277 | 15.00 | | | | ||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average | 2 | 7.8 | 368 | 540 | 17.44 | | | | ||||||||||
Leased Space | ||||||||||||||||||
Office | 54 | 9.6 | 176,171 | 232,930 | 31.58 | 30.50 | 28.02 | 2.1 | ||||||||||
Retail | 4 | 12.3 | 18,117 | 18,370 | 212.80 | 94.25 | 14.04 | 4.3 | ||||||||||
Storage | 4 | 9.3 | 1,131 | 1,365 | 21.31 | 20.11 | | | ||||||||||
Total | 62 | 9.8 | 195,419 | 252,665 | 44.70 | 35.31 | 26.85 | 2.1 | ||||||||||
Sold Vacancies |
||||||||||||||||||
Sub-Total Available Space @ 3/31/04 | 612,269 | |||||||||||||||||
Holdover Tenants | ||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||
317 Madison | 2 | 4,702 | 5,663 | 30.58 | 30.58 | | | |||||||||||
1515 Broadway | 1 | 640 | 640 | 20.00 | 20.00 | | | |||||||||||
180 Madison Avenue | 2 | 10,203 | 13,484 | 25.14 | 25.14 | | | |||||||||||
286 Madison Avenue | 1 | 1,372 | 1,375 | 29.51 | 29.51 | | | |||||||||||
1414 Ave of Americas | 2 | 1,778 | 2,300 | 50.66 | 50.66 | | | |||||||||||
1140 Sixth Avenue | 1 | 3,398 | 4,424 | 27.64 | 27.64 | | | |||||||||||
1372 Broadway | 1 | 369 | 504 | 26.19 | 26.19 | | | |||||||||||
19 West 44th Street | 3 | 3,813 | 3,813 | 36.32 | 36.32 | | | |||||||||||
711 Third Avenue | 1 | 2,886 | 2,886 | 28.65 | 28.65 | | | |||||||||||
1466 Broadway | 5 | 2,742 | 3,256 | 41.08 | 41.08 | | | |||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 5 | 4,185 | 5,034 | 29.90 | 29.90 | | | |||||||||||
24 | 36,088 | 43,379 | 30.50 | 30.50 | | | ||||||||||||
Storage |
||||||||||||||||||
461 Fifth Avenue | 1 | 840 | 840 | 24.92 | 24.92 | | | |||||||||||
1466 Broadway | 2 | 809 | 883 | 18.00 | 18.00 | | | |||||||||||
3 | 1,649 | 1,723 | 21.37 | 21.37 | | | ||||||||||||
Total Available Space @3/31/04 |
574,532 |
31
FIRST QUARTER - 2004 LEASING ACTIVITY Leased Space |
Activity Type |
Building Address |
# of Leases |
Term (Yrs) |
Usable SF |
Rentable SF |
New Cash Rent/ Rentable SF* |
Prev. Escalated Rent/ Rentable SF** |
T.I/ Rentable SF |
Free Rent # of Months |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early Renewals |
||||||||||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | 1 | 4.0 | 2,649 | 3,440 | 33.16 | 34.99 | 7.00 | | ||||||||||
420 Lexington | 4 | 1.7 | 10,396 | 14,774 | 31.53 | 24.62 | 2.14 | | ||||||||||
5 | 2.2 | 13,045 | 18,214 | 31.84 | 26.58 | 3.06 | | |||||||||||
Retail |
||||||||||||||||||
1 Park Avenue | 1 | 10.0 | 6,756 | 7,655 | 55.00 | 26.31 | | 1.0 | ||||||||||
420 Lexington Avenue | 1 | 5.0 | 292 | 292 | 85.63 | 65.00 | | | ||||||||||
2 | 9.8 | 7,048 | 7,947 | 56.13 | 27.73 | | 1.0 | |||||||||||
Renewals |
||||||||||||||||||
Expired/Renewed Office | 11 | 5.1 | 27,303 | 33,228 | 33.64 | 35.12 | 8.49 | 0.7 | ||||||||||
Early Renewals Office | 5 | 2.2 | 13,045 | 18,214 | 31.84 | 26.58 | 3.06 | | ||||||||||
Early Renewals Retail | 2 | 9.8 | 7,048 | 7,947 | 56.13 | 27.73 | | 1.0 | ||||||||||
Early Renewals Storage | 0 | 0.0 | | | | | | | ||||||||||
Total | 18 | 4.8 | 47,396 | 59,389 | 36.09 | 31.52 | 5.69 | 0.5 |
32
ANNUAL LEASE EXPIRATIONS Consolidated Properties |
Year of Lease Expiration |
Number of Expiring Leases** |
Rentable Square Footage of Expiring Leases |
Percentage of Total Leased Sq. Ft. |
Annualized Rent of Expiring Leases |
Annualized Rent Per Leased Square Foot of Expiring Leases $/psf *** |
Year 2004 Weighted Average Asking Rent $/psf |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In 1st Quarter 2004* | 35 | 36,541 | 0.45 | % | $ | 1,237,488 | $ | 33.87 | $ | 36.77 | ||||||
In 2nd Quarter 2004 | 23 | 197,655 | 2.43 | % | $ | 7,478,424 | $ | 37.84 | $ | 31.55 | ||||||
In 3rd Quarter 2004 | 39 | 135,925 | 1.67 | % | $ | 4,789,452 | $ | 35.24 | $ | 36.09 | ||||||
In 4th Quarter 2004 | 36 | 118,544 | 1.46 | % | $ | 4,065,996 | $ | 34.30 | $ | 33.68 | ||||||
Total 2004 | 133 | 488,665 | 6.00 | % | $ | 17,571,360 | $ | 35.96 | $ | 33.72 | ||||||
In 1st Quarter 2005 |
45 |
138,049 |
1.70 |
% |
$ |
6,047,964 |
$ |
43.81 |
$ |
38.25 |
||||||
In 2nd Quarter 2005 | 34 | 86,672 | 1.06 | % | $ | 3,057,312 | $ | 35.27 | $ | 34.18 | ||||||
In 3rd Quarter 2005 | 33 | 170,728 | 2.10 | % | $ | 5,383,116 | $ | 31.53 | $ | 33.60 | ||||||
In 4th Quarter 2005 | 31 | 155,522 | 1.91 | % | $ | 5,196,384 | $ | 33.41 | $ | 34.16 | ||||||
Total 2005 | 143 | 550,971 | 6.77 | % | $ | 19,684,776 | $ | 35.73 | $ | 35.02 | ||||||
2006 |
109 |
590,379 |
7.25 |
% |
$ |
20,049,828 |
$ |
33.96 |
$ |
33.56 |
||||||
2007 | 95 | 349,280 | 4.29 | % | $ | 13,323,060 | $ | 38.14 | $ | 37.23 | ||||||
2008 | 106 | 640,748 | 7.87 | % | $ | 23,066,196 | $ | 36.00 | $ | 34.38 | ||||||
2009 | 50 | 631,867 | 7.76 | % | $ | 22,329,624 | $ | 35.34 | $ | 33.80 | ||||||
2010 | 67 | 1,527,156 | 18.75 | % | $ | 50,974,500 | $ | 33.38 | $ | 34.23 | ||||||
2011 | 28 | 336,183 | 4.13 | % | $ | 15,015,264 | $ | 44.66 | $ | 36.43 | ||||||
2012 | 27 | 765,758 | 9.40 | % | $ | 19,598,388 | $ | 25.59 | $ | 28.64 | ||||||
2013 | 36 | 735,324 | 9.03 | % | $ | 25,617,492 | $ | 34.84 | $ | 34.81 | ||||||
Thereafter | 65 | 1,528,015 | 18.76 | % | $ | 48,133,000 | $ | 30.93 | $ | 34.17 | ||||||
859 | 8,144,346 | 100.00 | % | $ | 275,363,488 | $ | 33.81 | $ | 33.92 | |||||||
33
ANNUAL LEASE EXPIRATIONS Joint Venture Properties |
Year of Lease Expiration |
Number of Expiring Leases** |
Rentable Square Footage of Expiring Leases |
Percentage of Total Leased Sq. Ft. |
Annualized Rent of Expiring Leases |
Annualized Rent Per Leased Square Foot of Expiring Leases $/psf *** |
Year 2004 Weighted Average Asking Rent $/psf |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In 1st Quarter 2004* | 9 | 26,223 | 0.38 | % | $ | 533,844 | $ | 20.36 | $ | 40.62 | |||||
In 2nd Quarter 2004 | 15 | 70,639 | 1.03 | % | $ | 2,299,872 | $ | 32.56 | $ | 47.69 | |||||
In 3rd Quarter 2004 | 9 | 104,090 | 1.52 | % | $ | 3,800,004 | $ | 36.51 | $ | 39.44 | |||||
In 4th Quarter 2004 | 5 | 13,252 | 0.19 | % | $ | 909,912 | $ | 68.66 | $ | 43.92 | |||||
Total 2004 | 38 | 214,204 | 3.13 | % | $ | 7,543,632 | $ | 35.22 | $ | 42.58 | |||||
In 1st Quarter 2005 | 10 | 181,702 | 0.00 | % | $ | 6,607,188 | $ | 36.36 | $ | 38.96 | |||||
In 2nd Quarter 2005 | 12 | 165,342 | 0.95 | % | $ | 7,783,344 | $ | 47.07 | $ | 50.98 | |||||
In 3rd Quarter 2005 | 6 | 81,497 | 1.56 | % | $ | 1,874,700 | $ | 23.00 | $ | 46.44 | |||||
In 4th Quarter 2005 | 14 | 75,228 | 0.12 | % | $ | 1,090,896 | $ | 14.50 | $ | 44.16 | |||||
Total 2005 | 42 | 503,769 | 7.36 | % | $ | 17,356,128 | $ | 34.45 | $ | 44.89 | |||||
2006 | 39 | 420,355 | 6.14 | % | $ | 12,909,960 | $ | 30.71 | $ | 38.28 | |||||
2007 | 19 | 482,719 | 7.05 | % | $ | 25,127,784 | $ | 52.05 | $ | 49.27 | |||||
2008 | 28 | 555,825 | 8.12 | % | $ | 21,761,100 | $ | 39.15 | $ | 47.98 | |||||
2009 | 20 | 641,222 | 9.37 | % | $ | 27,711,000 | $ | 43.22 | $ | 44.69 | |||||
2010 | 18 | 1,319,506 | 19.27 | % | $ | 57,280,212 | $ | 43.41 | $ | 45.53 | |||||
2011 | 5 | 201,679 | 2.95 | % | $ | 6,954,672 | $ | 34.48 | $ | 46.52 | |||||
2012 | 8 | 126,206 | 1.84 | % | $ | 5,691,972 | $ | 45.10 | $ | 36.80 | |||||
2013 | 8 | 949,932 | 13.87 | % | $ | 47,046,552 | $ | 49.53 | $ | 55.39 | |||||
Thereafter | 36 | 1,431,146 | 20.90 | % | $ | 63,791,316 | $ | 44.56 | $ | 52.52 | |||||
261 | 6,846,563 | 100.00 | % | $ | 293,174,328 | $ | 42.82 | $ | 48.03 | ||||||
34
SUMMARY OF REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION ACTIVITY POST 1997 |
|
|
|
|
|
% Leased |
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Property |
|
|
Net Rentable sf |
Acquisition Price($'s)(1) |
||||||||||
|
Type of Ownership |
Submarket |
at acquisition |
3/31/2004 |
|||||||||||
1998 Acquisitions | |||||||||||||||
Mar-98 | 420 Lexington | Operating Sublease | Grand Central North | 1,188,000 | 83 | 98 | $ | 78,000,000 | |||||||
Mar-98 | 1466 Broadway | Fee Interest | Times Square | 289,000 | 87 | 89 | $ | 64,000,000 | |||||||
Mar-98 | 321 West 44th | Fee Interest | Times Square | 203,000 | 96 | N/A | $ | 17,000,000 | |||||||
May-98 | 711 3rd Avenue | Operating Sublease | Grand Central North | 524,000 | 79 | 99 | $ | 65,600,000 | |||||||
Jun-98 | 440 9th Avenue | Fee Interest | Times Square South | 339,000 | 76 | 100 | $ | 32,000,000 | |||||||
Aug-98 | 1412 Broadway | Fee Interest | Times Square South | 389,000 | 90 | N/A | $ | 82,000,000 | |||||||
2,932,000 | $ | 338,600,000 | |||||||||||||
1999 Acquisitions |
|||||||||||||||
Jan-99 | 420 Lexington Leasehold | Sub-leasehold | Grand Central North | | $ | 27,300,000 | |||||||||
Jan-99 | 555 West 57th65% JV | Fee Interest | Midtown West | 941,000 | 100 | 100 | $ | 66,700,000 | |||||||
May-99 | 90 Broad Street35% JV | Fee Interest | Financial | 339,000 | 82 | N/A | $ | 34,500,000 | |||||||
May-99 | The Madison Properties: | Fee Interest | Grand Central South | $ | 50,000,000 | ||||||||||
286 Madison Avenue | 112,000 | 99 | 88 | ||||||||||||
290 Madison Avenue | 36,800 | 86 | 100 | ||||||||||||
292 Madison Avenue | 187,000 | 97 | 95 | ||||||||||||
Aug-99 | 1250 Broadway50% JV | Fee Interest | Penn Station | 670,000 | 97 | N/A | $ | 93,000,000 | |||||||
Nov-99 | 555 West 57thremaining 35% | Fee Interest | Midtown West | | 99 | $ | 34,100,000 | ||||||||
2,285,800 | $ | 305,600,000 | |||||||||||||
2000 Acquisitions |
|||||||||||||||
Feb-00 | 100 Park Avenue | Fee Interest | Grand Central South | 834,000 | 97 | 98 | $ | 192,000,000 | |||||||
Dec-00 | 180 Madison Avenue | Fee Interest | Grand Central South | 265,000 | 90 | 83 | $ | 41,250,000 | |||||||
Contribution to JV | |||||||||||||||
May-00 | 321 West 44th | Fee Interest | Times Square | 203,000 | 98 | N/A | $ | 28,400,000 | |||||||
1,302,000 | $ | 261,650,000 | |||||||||||||
2001 Acquisitions |
|||||||||||||||
Jan-01 | 1370 Broadway | Fee Interest | Times Square South | 255,000 | 97 | N/A | $ | 50,500,000 | |||||||
Jan-01 | 1 Park Avenue | Various Interests | Grand Central South | 913,000 | 97 | 95 | $ | 233,900,000 | |||||||
Jan-01 | 469 7th Avenue35% JV | Fee Interest | Penn Station | 253,000 | 98 | N/A | $ | 45,700,000 | |||||||
Jun-01 | 317 Madison | Fee Interest | Grand Central | 450,000 | 95 | 89 | $ | 105,600,000 | |||||||
Acquisition of JV Interest | |||||||||||||||
Sep-01 | 1250 Broadway49.9% JV (2) | Fee Interest | Penn Station | 670,000 | 98 | 93 | $ | 126,500,000 | |||||||
2,541,000 | $ | 562,200,000 | |||||||||||||
2002 Acquisitions |
|||||||||||||||
May-02 | 1515 Broadway55% JV | Fee Interest | Times Square | 1,750,000 | 98 | 95 | $ | 483,500,000 | |||||||
$ | 483,500,000 | ||||||||||||||
2003 Acquisitions |
|||||||||||||||
Feb-03 | 220 East 42nd Street | Fee Interest | United Nations | 1,135,000 | 92 | 95 | $ | 265,000,000 | |||||||
Mar-03 | 125 Broad Street | Fee Interest | Downtown | 525,000 | 100 | 100 | $ | 92,000,000 | |||||||
Oct-03 | 461 Fifth Avenue | Fee Interest | Grand Central | 200,000 | 94 | 97 | $ | 60,900,000 | |||||||
Dec-03 | 1221 Ave of Americas 45% JV | Fee Interest | Rockefeller Center | 2,550,000 | 99 | 99 | $ | 1,000,000,000 | |||||||
4,410,000 | $ | 1,417,900,000 | |||||||||||||
2004 Acquisitions |
|||||||||||||||
Mar-04 | 19 West 44th Street 35% JV | Fee Interest | Grand Central | 292,000 | 86 | 87 | $ | 67,000,000 |
35
SUMMARY OF REAL ESTATE SALES ACTIVITY POST 1999 |
|
Property |
Type of Ownership |
Submarket |
Net Rentable sf |
Sales Price ($'s) |
Sales Price ($'s/SF) |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 Sales | |||||||||||||||
Feb-00 | 29 West 35th Street | Fee Interest | Penn Station | 78,000 | $ | 11,700,000 | $ | 150 | |||||||
Mar-00 | 36 West 44th Street | Fee Interest | Grand Central | 178,000 | $ | 31,500,000 | $ | 177 | |||||||
May-00 | 321 West 44th Street35% JV | Fee Interest | Times Square | 203,000 | $ | 28,400,000 | $ | 140 | |||||||
Nov-00 | 90 Broad Street | Fee Interest | Financial | 339,000 | $ | 60,000,000 | $ | 177 | |||||||
Dec-00 | 17 Battery South | Fee Interest | Financial | 392,000 | $ | 53,000,000 | $ | 135 | |||||||
1,190,000 | $ | 184,600,000 | $ | 156 | |||||||||||
2001 Sales |
|||||||||||||||
Jan-01 | 633 Third Ave | Fee Interest | Grand Central North | 40,623 | $ | 13,250,000 | $ | 326 | |||||||
May-01 | 1 Park Ave45% JV | Fee Interest | Grand Central South | 913,000 | $ | 233,900,000 | $ | 256 | |||||||
Jun-01 | 1412 Broadway | Fee Interest | Times Square South | 389,000 | $ | 90,700,000 | $ | 233 | |||||||
Jul-01 | 110 E. 42nd Street | Fee Interest | Grand Central | 69,700 | $ | 14,500,000 | $ | 208 | |||||||
Sep-01 | 1250 Broadway (1) | Fee Interest | Penn Station | 670,000 | $ | 126,500,000 | $ | 189 | |||||||
2,082,323 | $ | 478,850,000 | $ | 242 | |||||||||||
2002 Sales |
|||||||||||||||
Jun-02 | 469 Seventh Avenue | Fee Interest | Penn Station | 253,000 | $ | 53,100,000 | $ | 210 | |||||||
253,000 | $ | 53,100,000 | $ | 210 | |||||||||||
2003 Sales |
|||||||||||||||
Mar-03 | 50 West 23rd Street | Fee Interest | Chelsea | 333,000 | $ | 66,000,000 | $ | 198 | |||||||
Jul-03 | 1370 Broadway | Fee Interest | Times Square South | 255,000 | $ | 58,500,000 | $ | 229 | |||||||
Dec-03 | 321 W 44th Street | Fee Interest | Times Square | 203,000 | $ | 35,000,000 | $ | 172 | |||||||
791,000 | $ | 159,500,000 | $ | 202 |
36
Supplemental Definitions |
Annualized rent is calculated as monthly base rent and escalations per the lease, as of a certain date, multiplied by 12.
Debt service coverage is adjusted EBITDA divided by total interest and principal payments.
Equity income/ (loss) from affiliates are generally accounted for on a cost basis and realized gains and losses are included in current earnings. For its investments in private companies, the Company periodically reviews its investments and management determines if the value of such investments have been permanently impaired. Permanent impairment losses for investments in public and private companies are included in current earnings.
Fixed charge is adjusted EBITDA divided by the total payments for ground leases and preferred stock.
Fixed charge coverage is adjusted EBITDA divided by total interest expense (including capitalized interest and debt premium amortization, but excluding finance cost amortization) plus preferred dividends and distributions.
Funds available for distribution (FAD) is defined as FFO plus non-real estate depreciation, 2% allowance for straight line credit loss, adjustment for straight line ground rent, non-cash deferred compensation, a pro-rata adjustment for FAD for SLG's unconsolidated JV; less straight line rental income, free rent net of amortization, second cycle tenant improvement and leasing cost, and recurring building improvements.
Funds from operations (FFO) is defined as income from operations before minority interests, gains or losses from sales of real estate and extraordinary items plus real estate depreciation, an adjustment to derive SLG's pro rata share of the FFO of unconsolidated joint ventures, and perpetual preferred stock dividends. In accordance with NAREIT White Paper on FFO, SLG includes the effects of straight-line rents in FFO.
Interest coverage is adjusted EBITDA divided by total interest expense.
Junior Mortgage Participations are subordinate interests in first mortgages.
Mezzanine Debt Loans are loans secured by ownership interests.
Operating earnings per share reflects income before minority interests and gains (losses) from dispositions of real estate and impairment reserves on assets held for sale and operating properties less minority interests' share of income and preferred stock dividends if anti-dilutive.
Percentage leased represents the total percentage of total rentable square feet owned, which is leased, including month-to-month leases, as of the date reported. Space is considered leased when the tenant has either taken physical or economic occupancy.
Preferred Equity Investments are equity investments entitled to preferential returns that are senior to common equity.
Recurring capital expenditures represents non-incremental building improvements and leasing costs required to maintain current revenues. Recurring capital expenditures do not include immediate building improvements that were taken into consideration when underwriting the purchase of a building or which are incurred to bring a building up to "operating standard."
Redevelopment costs are non-recurring capital expenditures incurred in order to improve buildings to SLG's "operating standards." These building costs are taken into consideration during the underwriting for a given property's acquisition.
Same-store NOI growth is the change in the NOI (excluding straight-line rents) of the same-store properties from the prior year reporting period to the current year reporting period.
Same-store properties include all properties that were owned during both the current and prior year reporting periods and excludes development properties prior to being stabilized for both the current and prior reporting period.
Second generation TI's and LC's are tenant improvements, lease commissions, and other leasing costs incurred during leasing of second generations space. Costs incurred prior to leasing available square feet are not included until such space is leased. Second generation space excludes square footage vacant at acquisition.
SLG's share of total debt to market capitalization is calculated as SLG's share of total debt divided by the sum of total debt plus market equity and preferred stock equity income redeemable shares. SLG's share of total debt includes total consolidated debt plus SLG's pro rata share of the debt of unconsolidated joint ventures less than JV partners' share of debt. Market equity assumes conversion of all OP units into common stock.
Total square feet owned represents 100% of the square footage of properties either owned directly by SLG or in which SLG has a controlling interest (e.g. consolidated joint ventures).
37
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE |
Stephen L. Green Chairman of the Board |
Gregory F. Hughes Chief Financial Officer |
|
Marc Holliday CEO and President |
Gerard Nocera Executive VP, Director of Real Estate |
|
Michael W. Reid Chief Operating Officer |
Andrew S. Levine General Counsel and Secretary |
ANALYST COVERAGE
Firm |
Analyst |
Phone |
Email |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AG Edwards | Dave Aubuchon | (314) 955-5452 | aubuchond@agedwards.com | |||
Corinthian Partners, LLC | Claus Hirsch | (212) 287-1565 | chirsch@corinthianpartners.com | |||
Credit Suisse First Boston | (212) 538-5250 | |||||
Deutsche Banc Alex. Brown | Louis W. Taylor | (212) 469-4912 | louis.taylor@db.com | |||
Goldman Sachs | Carey Callaghan | (212) 902-4351 | carey.callaghan@gs.com | |||
KeyBanc Capital Markets | Frank Greywitt III | (216) 263-4795 | fgreywitt@mcdinvest.com | |||
Legg Mason Wood Walker, Inc. | David Fick | (410) 454-5018 | dmfick@leggmason.com | |||
Lehman Brothers, Inc. | David Shulman | (212) 526-3413 | dshulman@lehman.com | |||
J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. | Anthony Paolone | (212) 622-6682 | anthony.paolone@jpmorgan.com | |||
Prudential Securities | James W. Sullivan | (212) 778-2515 | jim_sullivan@prusec.com | |||
Raymond James & Associates | Paul Puryear | (727) 567-2253 | ppuryear@ecm.rjf.com | |||
Salomon Smith Barney | Jonathan Litt | (212) 816-0231 | jonathan.litt@ssmb.com | |||
Wachovia Securities | Christopher Haley | (443) 263-6773 | christopher.haley@wachovia.com |
SL Green Realty Corp. is followed by the analyst(s) listed above. Please note that any opinions, estimates or forecasts regarding SL Green Realty Corp.'s performance made by these analysts are theirs alone and do not represent opinions, forecasts or predictions of SL Green Realty Corp. or its management. SL Green Realty Corp. does not by its reference above or distribution imply its endorsement of or concurrence with such information, conclusions or recommendations.
38
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 21, 2004
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM S-11
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Gramercy Capital Corp.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Governing Instruments)
420 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10170
(212) 216-1713
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
Marc Holliday
President and Chief Executive Officer
420 Lexington Avenue
New York, New York 10170
(212) 216-1713
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Robert E. King, Jr., Esq. Clifford Chance US LLP 200 Park Avenue New York, New York 10166-0153 (212) 878-8000 |
David C. Wright, Esq. Hunton & Williams LLP 951 E. Byrd Street Richmond, Virginia 23219 (804) 788-8200 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box. o
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE
Title of Securities Being Registered |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate OfferingPrice(1) |
Registration Amount of Fee(2) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | $200,000,000 | $25,340 | ||
The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 21, 2004
PROSPECTUS
Shares
[Gramercy Capital Logo]
Gramercy Capital Corp.
Common Stock
This is our initial public offering of common stock. No public market currently exists for our common stock. We are selling all of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus. Our affiliate, SL Green Realty Corp., is purchasing 25% of the shares offered by this prospectus. Our common stock is subject to ownership limitations intended to preserve our status as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.
We anticipate that the initial public offering price of our common stock will be $ per share. We intend to apply to have our common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GKK."
Investing in our common stock involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 9 for a discussion of risks relating to our common stock, including, among others:
|
Per Share |
Total |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public Offering Price | $ | $ | ||||
Underwriting Discount(1) | $ | $ | ||||
Proceeds to Gramercy Capital Corp., before expenses | $ | $ |
Delivery of the shares of common stock will be made on or about , 2004.
We have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments, if any. SL Green will purchase additional shares if the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised so that SL Green purchases 25% of the total shares sold in this offering. The underwriters have reserved up to 3.75% of the shares of common stock offered by this prospectus for the directed share program at the public offering price. For more information, see "UnderwritingDirected Shares."
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Wachovia Securities
The date of this prospectus is , 2004.
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Prospectus Summary | 1 | |
Risk Factors | 9 | |
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Information | 27 | |
Use of Proceeds | 27 | |
Capitalization | 28 | |
Distribution Policy | 29 | |
Dilution | 30 | |
Management's Discussion & Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31 | |
The Company | 36 | |
The Manager | 47 | |
Management | 53 | |
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions | 59 | |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management | 62 | |
Description of Capital Stock | 63 | |
Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws | 67 | |
The Operating Partnership Agreement | 71 | |
Material Federal Income Tax Considerations | 74 | |
ERISA and Certain Other Considerations | 93 | |
Shares Eligible for Future Sale | 94 | |
Underwriting | 95 | |
Legal Matters | 99 | |
Experts | 99 | |
Where You Can Find More Information | 99 |
You may rely on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither we nor any of the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide information different from that contained in this prospectus. When you make a decision about whether to invest in our common stock, you should not rely upon any information other than the information in this prospectus. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor sale of common stock means that information contained in this prospectus is correct after the date of this prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy these shares of common stock in any circumstances under which the offer of solicitation is unlawful.
Dealer Prospectus Delivery Obligations
Until , 2004 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery is in addition to the dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
i
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information and the financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Because this is a summary, it may not contain all the information that may be important to you. You should read the entire prospectus before making an investment decision. When used in this prospectus, the terms "we," "our," "us" and the "company" refer to Gramercy Capital Corp. and its subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, the information in this prospectus assumes no exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option to purchase additional shares of our common stock, and that the shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering are sold at $ per share.
Gramercy Capital Corp.
We are a newly-formed specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring, for our own account, loans and securities related to commercial and multi-family properties. We will invest in subordinate interests in whole loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity interests in entities that own real estate and whole loans. We may also invest in sub- and non-performing real estate loans and equity interests in real estate. Our objective is to grow our portfolio through investments that offer attractive risk-adjusted returns, rather than minimum yields. We expect to invest in assets with the potential for appreciation, in addition to providing current income.
We will be externally managed and advised by Gramercy Capital Manager LLC, a subsidiary of SL Green Realty Corp., a real estate investment trust, or REIT, whose common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (or NYSE). SL Green, with its predecessor, has a 24-year history of owning, managing, leasing, acquiring and repositioning office properties in New York City. In 1997, SL Green began a high yield lending business which has invested to date an aggregate of $545 million in structured debt, mezzanine loans and preferred equity investments in commercial properties in the New York metropolitan area. We will continue this business as a separate public company and expect to expand that business into markets outside New York City and property types other than office buildings.
We believe our relationship with SL Green and our Manager will provide us substantial benefits in originating, underwriting and managing our investments. SL Green was a pioneer among owner/operators in purchasing first-loss positions in debt capital structures. Our Manager will be responsible for administering our business activities and day-to-day operations and will use the resources of SL Green to enhance our operations. Our management agreement will provide us access to SL Green's broad referral network, experience in capital markets, credit analysis, debt structuring, and risk and asset management, as well as corporate operations and governance. SL Green will agree not to compete with us in the fixed income real estate business we will conduct, but retains the right to invest in certain debt types, including distressed debt and debt with equity features, and to continue holding its existing debt portfolio.
We have a senior management team with extensive real estate finance experience. This management team has many years of experience in high yield debt structuring and trading, debt financing and syndication, in addition to a strong background in debt origination, underwriting, structuring, risk management and stockholder relations.
SL Green will own approximately 25% of our common stock outstanding after this offering. In addition to SL Green's interest, our management team and key Manager personnel will own a substantial interest in us. As a result, SL Green and the Manager have a substantial stake in our success.
We intend to operate as a full service specialty finance company and provide a wide range of financing products and structures. Our goal is to be a one-stop shop offering specifically tailored
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products that fit the diverse and complex needs of borrowers. Our targeted investments include the following:
We will generate income principally from the spread between the yields on our investments and the cost of our borrowing and hedging activities and we will leverage our investments to enhance returns. We intend to finance our investments through a variety of techniques, including repurchase agreements, credit facilities, issuances of commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations and other structured financings. We anticipate our overall leverage to be approximately 70% to 80% of our total assets; however, our actual leverage will depend on our mix of assets. For example, we will employ more financing for our whole loan business than for our other businesses. We will actively manage our assets with a goal of generating cash available for distribution, facilitating capital appreciation and generating attractive returns to our stockholders.
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We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent we distribute our income to our stockholders. We are a Maryland corporation. Our principal executive offices will be located at 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York, 10170. Our telephone number is 212-216-1713. We will maintain a Web site at www.gramercy-capital.com. Information at our Web site is not and should not be considered a part of this prospectus.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe our business possesses several characteristics that will distinguish us from our competitors, including:
Our Relationship with Our Manager and SL Green
We will be externally managed and advised by our Manager, which is a subsidiary of SL Green. We will leverage the personnel, infrastructure, relationships and experience of SL Green and our Manager to enhance the growth of our business. We initially will have no employees, and each of our executive officers is also an executive officer of our Manager or SL Green.
We will enter into a management agreement with our Manager effective upon the closing of this offering. The initial term of the management agreement will be through December 2007, with automatic, one-year renewals at the end of each year. Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager will implement our business strategy on a day-to-day basis and perform certain services for us, subject to oversight by our board of directors. Our Manager will be responsible for, among other duties, performing all of our day-to-day functions, determining investment criteria in conjunction with our board of directors, sourcing, analyzing and executing all investments, asset sales and financings and performing asset management duties. See "The ManagerThe Management Agreement."
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The following table summarizes the fees and expense reimbursements and other amounts that we will pay pursuant to the management agreement.
Type |
Description and Method of Computation |
Payable |
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---|---|---|---|---|
Management fee |
1.75% of Stockholders Equity. Stockholders Equity is defined as the aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our operating partnership's common and preferred equity capital. |
Monthly in arrears in cash |
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Special limited partnership interests |
Distributions will be made quarterly by our operating partnership equal to 25% of the amount by which (i) the sum of Funds from Operations for such quarter plus gains (or losses) from debt restructuring and sales of property for such quarter exceeds (ii) the product of the weighted average Stockholders Equity outstanding for such quarter multiplied by 2.375%.(1) |
Each fiscal quarter in cash |
||
Expense reimbursement |
Reimbursement of expenses, including legal, accounting, due diligence and other services.(2) |
Each fiscal quarter in cash |
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Termination payment |
If we terminate the management agreement for cause, no termination fee is payable. If we terminate or fail to renew without cause, we will pay a termination fee equal to two times the higher of the total annual fees paid in either of the two calendar years prior to the termination unless we are becoming self-managed, in which case the fee is reduced by 50%. The special limited partner interests are also subject to mandatory redemption upon termination of the management agreement. |
Upon termination in cash |
SL Green has advised us that it intends to own no less than a 70% interest in our Manager at closing of this offering and employees of our Manager are expected to own or have the right to receive the balance of the interest, subject to certain vesting requirements. We will have no ownership interest in our Manager.
SL Green will purchase 25% of the shares sold in this offering. We have also granted SL Green the right to purchase 25% of the shares in any future offering of common stock in order to maintain its percentage ownership interest in us after the offering. We will also reimburse SL Green approximately $2.0 million for certain costs and expenses in connection with our formation. In addition, SL Green will agree not to originate, acquire or participate in fixed income investments in the United States, subject to certain conditions and exclusions.
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Our Structure
The following chart shows our structure after giving effect to this offering:
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Risk Factors
You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular, you should evaluate the specific factors set forth in the section entitled "Risk Factors" for an explanation of certain risks of investing in our common stock. Some of these risks include:
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Conflicts of Interest
Each of our executive officers also serves as an officer of SL Green or our Manager. As a result, our management agreement with our Manager was not negotiated at arm's-length and its terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party. We will pay our Manager substantial management fees regardless of the performance of our portfolio, SL Green and the Manager will own special limited partner interests with distributions based on our financial peformance, which may cause our Manager to invest in high risk investments in order to maximize the distributions payable to it.
In addition, our Manager and our executive officers may have conflicts between their duties to us and their duties to, and interests in, SL Green and/or our Manager. Although we have entered into an origination agreement with SL Green, certain investments may be suitable for both us and SL Green. As a result, SL Green may compete with us with respect to certain investments which we may want to acquire, and we may either not be presented with the opportunity or have to compete with SL Green to acquire that asset. It is also possible that we may enter into business transactions with SL Green or its affiliates subject to compliance with our conflict procedures.
Common stock we are offering: | shares(1) | |
Common stock to be outstanding after the offering: |
shares(2) |
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Use of proceeds: |
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to make investments in commercial real estate-related loans and securities and for general corporate purposes. Until these investments can be identified, we intend to invest the net proceeds of the offering temporarily in readily marketable interest-bearing securities consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT, or we may hold cash. We will reimburse SL Green $2.0 million for formation expenses. |
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Proposed NYSE symbol: |
"GKK" |
Restrictions on Ownership of Our Stock
Due to the limitations on the concentration of ownership of a REIT imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, our charter prohibits, with certain exceptions, any stockholder from directly or indirectly owning more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock, and a 9.8% limit on the lesser of the value or the number of outstanding shares of capital stock, referred to in this prospectus as the stock ownership limit. Our board of directors will waive this provision in connection with SL Green's purchase of shares in this offering.
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Distribution Policy
We generally need to distribute at least 90% of our REIT net taxable income each year (subject to certain adjustments) to qualify as a REIT under the Code. To the extent that we satisfy the 90% distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will incur federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income at regular corporate rates. In addition, we will be subject to a non-deductible excise tax to the extent that the amount we distribute each year is less than a minimum amount specified in the federal tax laws. We may, under certain circumstances, make a distribution of capital or of assets. To qualify for the tax benefits accorded to REITs and to avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax, we intend to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to our stockholders in amounts equal to all regular, quarterly or substantially all our taxable income each year, subject to certain adjustments. We intend to commence regular quarterly distributions after the offering. Distributions made in the early stages of our operations may exceed our income, particularly before we fully invest the proceeds of the offering. Whether we make distributions and the timing and actual amount of any distributions will be at the discretion of our board of directors, taking into account, in addition to the REIT requirements, our cash needs and net income, the market price for our common stock and other factors our board of directors considers relevant.
Tax Status
We intend to elect to be treated as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for our taxable year ending December 31, 2004. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet various tax law requirements, including, among others, requirements relating to the nature of our assets, the sources of our income, the timing and amount of distributions that we make and the composition of our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates, and we may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we lose our qualification. Further, even to the extent that we qualify as a REIT, we will be subject to tax at normal corporate rates on net income or capital gains not distributed to our stockholders, and we may be subject to other taxes, including payroll taxes, and state and local income, franchise, property, sales and other taxes. Moreover, we will have subsidiary entities that are subject to federal income taxation and to various other taxes, referred to as taxable REIT subsidiaries or TRSs, in order to effect various financings in a tax efficient manner. Any dividends paid by us generally will not be eligible for taxation at the preferred capital gain rates that currently apply to dividends received by individuals from taxable corporations. See "Material Federal Income Tax Considerations."
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An investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following information, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before buying shares of our common stock. If any of the risks discussed in this prospectus actually occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. If this were to occur, the value of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment. In connection with the forward-looking statements that appear in this prospectus, you should also carefully review the cautionary statement referred to under "Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Risks Related to Our Management and Our Relationship with SL Green
We are dependent on our Manager and its key employees and may not find a suitable replacement if our Manager terminates the management agreement or the key personnel are no longer available to us.
We have no direct employees. We have no separate facilities and are completely reliant on our Manager, which has significant discretion as to the implementation of our operating policies and strategies. We are subject to the risk that our Manager will terminate the management agreement and that no suitable replacement will be found to manage us. We believe that our success depends to a significant extent upon the experience of our Manager's executive officers, whose continued service is not guaranteed. If our Manager terminates the management agreement, we may not be able to execute our business plan.
There are conflicts of interest in our relationship with our Manager, which could result in decisions that are not in the best interest of our stockholders.
We are subject to potential conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with SL Green and our Manager. Several of SL Green's executive officers will also be directors and executive officers of our Manager and us. Specifically, our chairman and each of our executive officers also serve as officers of our Manager or SL Green. As a result, the management agreement was not negotiated at arm's-length and its terms, including fees payable, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
In addition, our Manager and our executives may have conflicts between their duties to us and their duties to, and interests in, SL Green and/or our Manager. Our Manager is not required to devote a specific amount of time to our operations. There may also be conflicts in allocating investments which are suitable both for us and SL Green. SL Green has agreed generally that it will not acquire fixed income investments during the term of the management agreement. However, there are several exceptions, including debt instruments with equity characteristics, distressed debt and refinancings of existing SL Green debt investments. As a result, SL Green may compete with us with respect to certain investments which we may want to acquire, and as a result we may either not be presented with the opportunity or have to compete with SL Green to acquire these investments. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsSL GreenOrigination Agreement." Our Manager and our executive officers may choose to allocate favorable investments to SL Green instead of to us.
We will pay our Manager substantial management fees regardless of the performance of our portfolio. SL Green and our Manager also own a special limited partner interest in our operating partnership, which entitles them to receive quarterly distributions based on financial performance. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsSL GreenSpecial Limited Partnership Interests." In evaluating investments and other management strategies, this may lead our Manager to place emphasis on the maximization of revenues at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our invested portfolio.
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Termination of or failure to renew the management agreement without cause requires us to pay substantial amounts of termination fees and redeem the special limited partner interests. If the management agreement is terminated or not renewed other than for cause, we will be required to pay a termination fee equal to two times the higher of the total annual fees paid in either of the two calendar years prior to the termination, unless we become self-managed, in which event this amount will be reduced by 50%. We are also required to redeem the special limited partner interests upon termination of the management agreement. These provisions may increase the effective cost to us of terminating or failing to renew the management agreement, thereby adversely affecting our ability to terminate or not renew the management agreement without cause.
Our assets may be subject to purchase rights or rights of first offer in favor of SL Green, which could reduce their marketability or value.
Pursuant to our origination agreement with SL Green, we have granted SL Green rights of first offer with respect to the acquisition or origination of certain of our assets. SL Green will have the right to purchase certain real estate assets we acquire in foreclosure of our debt investments and to purchase certain distressed debts acquired by us. These rights may make it more difficult to sell such assets. As a result, we may not receive the same value on the sale of such assets as we might receive from an independent third party submitting an offer through a competitive bidding process.
Our board of directors has approved very broad investment guidelines for our Manager and does not approve each investment decision made by our Manager.
Our Manager is authorized to follow very broad investment guidelines. Our directors periodically review our investment guidelines and our investment portfolio. However, our board of directors does not review each proposed investment. An investment committee, comprised of our chief executive officer and two independent directors, will approve capital commitments between $15 million and $50 million and full board approval is required only for investments in excess of $50 million. Our Manager will have full discretion with respect to investments under $15 million, and generally will analyze and approve these investments as described in "The CompanyOrigination, Underwriting and Asset Management." Our chief investment officer may approve investments of less than $3 million. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, the directors rely primarily on information provided to them by our Manager. Furthermore, transactions entered into by our Manager may be costly, difficult or impossible to unwind by the time they are reviewed by our board of directors. Our Manager has great latitude within the broad parameters of our investment guidelines in determining the types of assets it may decide are proper investments for us. Decisions made and investments entered into by our Manager may not fully reflect your best interests.
We may change our investment and operational policies without stockholder consent.
We may change our investment and operational policies, including our policies with respect to investments, acquisitions, growth, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and distributions, at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the types of investments described in this prospectus. A change in our investment strategy may increase our exposure to interest rate risk, default risk and real estate market fluctuations, all of which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to you.
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Risks Relating to Our Business
We have no operating history and may not operate successfully.
We and our Manager were organized in April 2004 and have no operating history. We have no assets and will commence operations only upon completion of this offering. We cannot assure you that we will be able to operate our business successfully or implement our operating policies and strategies described in this prospectus. The results of our operations depend on many factors, including the availability of opportunities for the acquisition of assets, the level and volatility of interest rates, readily accessible short and long-term financing, conditions in the financial markets and economic conditions. We cannot assure you that we will be able to operate our business successfully or implement our operating policies and strategies.
We have no specific designated use for any of the net proceeds from this offering, and investors will be unable to evaluate the manner in which we invest the net proceeds or the economic merits of the assets acquired with the proceeds.
At the time of this offering, we have no specific designated use for the net proceeds of this offering. As a result, you will be unable to evaluate the manner in which the net proceeds of this offering will be invested or the economic merits of our expected investments. There can be no assurance that we will be able to invest in real estate-related loans and securities which meet our investment criteria in sufficient time or on acceptable terms to produce a return on our investment. We and our Manager will have broad authority to invest the remaining proceeds of this offering in assets we may identify in the future. You must rely on our board of directors and executive officers and our Manager to evaluate our investment opportunities, and we are subject to the risk that our board of directors, executive officers and our Manager may not be able to achieve our objectives or will make decisions that are not in your best interests because of conflicts of interest. Any significant delay in investing such proceeds or inability to achieve our investment objectives as a result of poor investment decisions or conflicts of interest could have a material adverse effect on our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
We expect to incur a significant amount of debt to finance our portfolio, which may subject us to an increased risk of loss, adversely affecting the return on our investments and reducing cash available for distribution.
We expect to incur a significant amount of debt to finance our operations, which can compound losses and reduce the cash available for distributions to our stockholders. We generally will leverage our portfolio through the use of bank credit facilities, repurchase agreements, securitizations, including the issuance of collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and other borrowings. The leverage we employ will vary depending on our ability to obtain credit facilities, the loan-to-value and debt service coverage ratios of our assets, the yield on our assets, the targeted leveraged return we expect from our portfolio and our ability to meet ongoing covenants related to our asset mix and financial performance. We currently have a policy limiting the use of leverage to 80% of the total value of our assets. However, this policy may be changed at any time by our board of directors. We expect that substantially all of our assets will be pledged as collateral for our borrowings. Our return on our investments and cash available for distribution to our stockholders may be reduced to the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of our financing to increase relative to the income that we can derive from the assets we acquire.
Our debt service payments will reduce the net income available for distributions. Moreover, we may not be able to meet our debt service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets to foreclosure or sale to satisfy our debt obligations. Under our repurchase agreements, our lenders take title to our assets and may have an ability to liquidate our assets through our expedited process.
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If Gramercy Capital Manager LLC ceases to be our manager pursuant to the management agreement, financial institutions providing our credit facilities may not provide future financing to us.
The financial institutions that will finance our investments pursuant to our credit facilities and our repurchase agreements may require that Gramercy Capital Manager LLC remain our Manager pursuant to the management agreement as a condition to making advances to us under these credit facilities. Additionally, if Gramercy Capital Manager LLC ceases to be our Manager, each of the financial institutions under these credit facilities may have the right to terminate their facility and their obligation to advance funds to us to finance our future investments. If Gramercy Capital Manager LLC ceases to be our Manager for any reason and we are unable to obtain financing under these credit facilities, our growth may be limited.
We may not be able to access financing sources on favorable terms, or at all, which could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.
We intend to finance our assets over the long-term through a variety of means, including repurchase agreements, credit facilities, issuance of commercial mortgage-backed securities, collateralized debt obligations and other structured financings. Our ability to execute this strategy will depend on various conditions in the markets for financing in this manner which are beyond our control, including lack of liquidity and greater credit spreads. We cannot assure you that these markets will remain an efficient source of long-term financing for our assets. If our strategy is not viable, we will have to find alternative forms of long-term financing for our assets, as secured revolving credit facilities and repurchase facilities may not accommodate long-term financing. This could subject us to more recourse indebtedness and the risk that debt service on less efficient forms of financing would require a larger portion of our cash flows, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to you, funds available for operations as well as for future business opportunities.
Prepayments can adversely affect the yields on our investments.
The yield of our assets may be affected by the rate of prepayments differing from our projections. Prepayments on debt instruments, loans are influenced by changes in current interest rates and a variety of economic, geographic and other factors beyond our control, and consequently, such prepayment rates cannot be predicted with certainty. In periods of declining interest rates, prepayments on mortgage at similar yields, and loans generally increase. If we are unable to invest the proceeds of such prepayments received, the yield on our portfolio will decline. In addition, we may acquire assets at a discount or premium and if the asset does not repay when expected, our anticipated yield may be impacted. Under certain interest rate and prepayment scenarios we may fail to recoup fully our cost of acquisition of certain investments.
Lack of diversification in number of investments increases our dependence on individual investments.
If we acquire larger loans or property interests, our portfolio will be concentrated in a smaller number of assets, increasing the risk of loss to stockholders if a default or other problem arises.
Interest rate fluctuations could reduce our ability to generate income and our investments.
The yield on our investments in real estate securities and loans will be sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates and changes in prepayment rates. Changes in interest rates can affect our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning investments and the interest expense we incur in financing these investments. We tend to price loans at a spread to either United States Treasury obligations, swaps or the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR). A decrease in these indexes will lower the yield on our investments. Conversely, if these indexes rise materially, borrowers may be unable to borrow the higher-leverage loans that we target.
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In a period of rising interest rates, our interest expense could increase while the interest we earn on our fixed-rate assets would not change, which would adversely affect our profitability.
Our operating results will depend in large part on differences between the income from our assets, net of credit losses, and financing costs. We anticipate that, in most cases, for any period during which our assets are not match-funded, the income from such assets will respond more slowly to interest rate fluctuations than the cost of our borrowings. Consequently, changes in interest rates, particularly short-term interest rates, may significantly influence our net income. Increases in these rates will tend to decrease our net income and market value of our assets. Interest rate fluctuations resulting in our interest expense exceeding our interest income would result in operating losses for us and may limit or eliminate our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
If credit spreads widen before we obtain long-term financing for our assets, the value of our assets may suffer.
We price our assets based on our assumptions about future credit spreads for financing of those assets. We expect to obtain longer term financing for our assets using structured financing techniques in the future. Such issuances entail interest rates set at a spread over a certain benchmark, such as the yield on United States Treasury obligations, swaps, or LIBOR. If the spread that investors will pay over the benchmark widens and the rates we charge on our assets to be securitized are not increased accordingly, this may reduce our income or cause losses.
The repurchase agreements and credit facilities that we use to finance our investments may require us to provide additional collateral.
We intend to use credit facilities, including repurchase agreements, to finance our investments. If the market value of the loans pledged or sold by us to a funding source decline in value, we may be required by the lending institution to provide additional collateral or pay down a portion of the funds advanced. We may not have the funds available to pay down our debt, which could result in defaults. Posting additional collateral to support our credit facilities will reduce our liquidity and limit our ability to leverage our assets. In the event we do not have sufficient liquidity to meet such requirements, lending institutions can accelerate our indebtedness, increase interest rates and terminate our ability to borrow. Such a situation would likely result in a rapid deterioration of our financial condition and possibly necessitate a filing for protection under the United States Bankruptcy Code.
Further, credit facility providers may require us to maintain a certain amount of cash uninvested or set aside unlevered assets sufficient to maintain a specified liquidity position which would allow us to satisfy our collateral obligations. As a result, we may not be able to leverage our assets as fully as we would choose, which could reduce our return on assets. In the event that we are unable to meet these collateral obligations, our financial condition could deteriorate rapidly.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations.
When we obtain financing, lenders could impose restrictions on us that would affect our ability to incur additional debt, our capability to make distributions to stockholders and our flexibility to determine our operating policies. Loan documents we execute will contain negative covenants that may limit, among other things, our ability to repurchase stock, distribute more than a certain amount of our funds from operations, and employ leverage beyond certain amounts.
The loans we invest in and the mortgage loans underlying the mortgage-backed securities we invest in are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure.
Commercial mortgage loans are secured by commercial or multi-family property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure. These risks of loss are greater than similar risks associated with loans made on the security of single-family residential property. The ability of a borrower to pay
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principal and interest on a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of the property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower's ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Net operating income of an income-producing property can be affected by a number of conditions beyond our control, including:
Any of these factors could have an adverse affect on the ability of the borrower to make payments of principal and interest in a timely fashion, or at all, on the mortgage loans in which we invest and could adversely affect the cash flows we intend to receive from these investments.
In the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us, we will bear the risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest on the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to the borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure of a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process which could have a substantial negative effect on our anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan.
Commercial mortgage-backed securities evidence interests in or are secured by a single commercial mortgage loan or a pool of commercial mortgage loans. Residential mortgage-backed securities evidence interests in or are secured by a pool of single-family residential mortgage loans. Accordingly, multi-property mortgage-backed securities we invest in are subject to all of the risks of the underlying mortgage loans.
Investment in non-conforming and non-investment grade loans may involve increased risk of loss.
Loans we acquire generally do not conform to conventional loan criteria applied by traditional lenders and are commonly rated as non-investment grade. The non-investment grade ratings for these
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loans typically result from the overall leverage of the loans, the lack of a strong operating history for the properties underlying the loans, the borrowers' historical credit problems, the properties' underlying cash flow or other factors. As a result, loans we acquire may have a higher risk of default and loss than conventional loans. Any loss we incur may reduce distributions to stockholders and adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Our investments in subordinated loans and subordinated mortgage-backed securities are subject to losses.
We intend to acquire subordinated loans and invest in subordinated mortgage-backed securities. In the event a borrower defaults on a loan and lacks sufficient assets to satisfy our loan, we may suffer a loss of principal or interest. In the event a borrower declares bankruptcy, we may not have full recourse to the assets of the borrower, or the assets of the borrower may not be sufficient to satisfy the loan. In addition, certain of our loans may be subordinate to other debt of the borrower. If a borrower defaults on our loan or on debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt is paid in full. Where debt senior to our loan exists, the presence of intercreditor arrangements may limit our ability to amend our loan documents, assign our loans, accept prepayments, exercise our remedies (through "standstill periods") and control decisions made in bankruptcy proceedings relating to borrowers.
In general, losses on a mortgage loan included in a securitization will be borne first by the equity holder of the property, then by a cash reserve fund or letter of credit, if any, and then by the "first loss" subordinated security holder. In the event of default and the exhaustion of any equity support, reserve fund, letter of credit and any classes of securities junior to those in which we invest, we will not be able to recover all of our investment in the securities we purchase. Likewise, we may not be able to recover some or all of our investment in certain subordinated loans in which we obtain interests. In addition, if the underlying mortgage portfolio has been overvalued by the originator, or if the values subsequently decline and, as a result, less collateral is available to satisfy interest and principal payments due on the related mortgage-backed securities, the securities in which we invest may effectively become the "first loss" position behind the more senior securities, which may result in significant losses to us.
An economic downturn could increase the risk of loss on our investments in subordinated mortgage-backed securities. The prices of lower credit-quality securities, such as the subordinated mortgage-backed securities in which we plan to invest, are generally less sensitive to interest rate changes than more highly rated investments, but are more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual property developments. An economic downturn or a projection of an economic downturn could cause a decline in the price of lower credit quality securities because the ability of obligors of mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities to make principal and interest payments may be impaired. In such event, existing credit support to a securitized structure may be insufficient to protect us against loss of our principal on these securities.
Our investments in debt securities are subject to specific risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities and to the general risks of investing in subordinated real estate securities.
Our investments in debt securities involve special risks. REITs generally are required to invest substantially in real estate or real estate-related assets and are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate-related investments discussed in this prospectus. Our investments in debt are subject to the risks described above with respect to mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities and similar risks, including:
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Debt securities are generally unsecured and may also be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. We may also invest in debt securities that are rated below investment grade. As a result, investments in debt securities are also subject to risks of:
These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding debt securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to repay principal and interest.
We may not be able to acquire eligible securities for a collateralized debt obligation issuance, or may not be able to issue collateralized debt obligation securities on attractive terms, which may require us to seek more costly financing for our investments or to liquidate assets.
We intend to acquire high yield debt instruments and finance them on a non-recourse long-term basis, such as through the issuance of collateralized debt obligations. During the period that we are acquiring these assets, we intend to finance our purchases through relatively short-term credit facilities. We use these short-term warehouse lines of credit to finance the acquisition of instruments until a sufficient quantity is accumulated, at which time we may refinance these lines through a securitization, such as a collateralized debt obligation issuance, or other long-term financing. As a result, we are subject to the risk that we will not be able to acquire, during the period that our warehouse facility is available, a sufficient amount of eligible assets to maximize the efficiency of a collateralized debt obligation issuance. In addition, conditions in the capital markets may make the issuance of collateralized debt obligations less attractive to us when we do have a sufficient pool of collateral. If we are unable to issue a collateralized debt obligation to finance these assets, we may be required to seek other forms of potentially less attractive financing or otherwise to liquidate the assets.
The use of collateralized debt obligation financings with over-collateralization requirements may have a negative impact on our cash flow.
We expect that the terms of collateralized debt obligations we may issue will generally provide that the principal amount of assets must exceed the principal balance of the related bonds by a certain amount. This excess collateral requirement is commonly referred to as "over-collateralization." We anticipate that the collateralized debt obligation terms will provide that, if certain delinquencies and/or losses exceed the specified levels based on rating agencies' (or the financial guaranty insurer's, if applicable) analysis of the characteristics of the assets pledged to collateralize the bonds, the required level of over-collateralization may be increased or may be prevented from decreasing as would otherwise be permitted if losses or delinquencies did not exceed those levels. Other tests (based on delinquency levels or other criteria) may restrict our ability to receive net income from assets pledged
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to secure collateralized debt obligations. We cannot assure you that the performance tests will be satisfied. Nor can we assure you, in advance of completing negotiations with the rating agencies or other key transaction parties on our future collateralized debt obligation financings, the actual terms of the delinquency tests, over-collateralization terms, cash flow release mechanisms or other significant factors regarding the calculation of net income to us. Failure to obtain favorable terms with regard to these matters may materially and adversely affect the availability of net income to us. If our assets fail to perform as anticipated, our over-collateralization or other credit enhancement expense associated with our collateralized debt obligation financings will increase.
We may be required to repurchase loans that we have sold or to indemnify holders of our collateralized debt obligations.
If any of the loans we originate or acquire and sell or securitize do not comply with representations and warranties that we make about certain characteristics of the loans, the borrowers and the underlying properties, we may be required to repurchase those loans (including from a trust vehicle used to facilitate a structured financing of the assets through collateralized debt obligations) or replace them with substitute loans. In addition, in the case of loans that we have sold instead of retained, we may be required to indemnify persons for losses or expenses incurred as a result of a breach of a representation or warranty. Repurchased loans typically require a significant allocation of working capital to carry on our books, and our ability to borrow against such assets is limited. Any significant repurchases or indemnification payments could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
Our hedging transactions may limit our gains or result in losses.
We expect to hedge our interest rate exposure through the use of derivative instruments. Our hedging transactions, which are intended to limit losses, may actually limit gains and increase our exposure to losses. The use of derivatives to hedge our liabilities carries certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedge position will reduce the cash available for distribution to stockholders and that these losses may exceed the amount invested in such instruments. We intend to use derivative instruments, including forwards, futures, swaps and options, in our risk management strategy to limit the effects of changes in interest rates on our operations. A hedge may not be effective in eliminating all of the risks inherent in any particular position and could result in higher interest rates than we would otherwise have. In addition, there will be many market risks against which we may not be able to hedge effectively, including changes in the spreads of corporate bonds, mortgage-backed securities or collateralized debt obligations over the underlying United States Treasury rates. Furthermore, we do not intend to hedge any risks with respect to instruments that we may purchase or hold for investment rather than securitization. Moreover, no hedging activity can completely insulate us from the risks associated with changes in interest rates, and our status as a REIT may limit our ability to effectively hedge our interest rate exposure. Our profitability may be adversely affected during any period as a result of the use of derivatives.
Hedging instruments often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities and involve risks and costs.
The cost of using hedging instruments increase as the period covered by the instrument increases and during periods of rising and volatile interest rates. We may increase our hedging activity and thus increase our hedging costs during periods when interest rates are volatile or rising and hedging costs have increased.
In addition, hedging instruments involve risk since they often are not traded on regulated exchanges, guaranteed by an exchange or its clearing house, or regulated by any U.S. or foreign governmental authorities. Consequently, there are no requirements with respect to record keeping,
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financial responsibility or segregation of customer funds and positions. Furthermore, the enforceability of agreements underlying derivative transactions may depend on compliance with applicable statutory and commodity and other regulatory requirements and, depending on the identity of the counterparty, applicable international requirements. The business failure of a hedging counterparty with whom we enter into a hedging transaction will most likely result in a default. Default by a party with whom we enter into a hedging transaction may result in the loss of unrealized profits and force us to cover our resale commitments, if any, at the then current market price. Although generally we will seek to reserve the right to terminate our hedging positions, it may not always be possible to dispose of or close out a hedging position without the consent of the hedging counterparty, and we may not be able to enter into an offsetting contract in order to cover our risk. We cannot assure you that a liquid secondary market will exist for hedging instruments purchased or sold, and we may be required to maintain a position until exercise or expiration, which could result in losses.
Our real estate investments may be illiquid, which could restrict our ability to respond rapidly to changes in economic conditions.
The real estate and real estate-related assets in which we intend to invest are generally illiquid. In addition, the instruments that we purchase in connection with privately negotiated transactions are not registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise in accordance with, those laws. A majority of the mortgage-backed securities and debt instruments that we purchase are purchased in private, unregistered transactions. As a result, the majority of our investments in securities are subject to restrictions on resale or otherwise have no established trading market. As a result, our ability to sell under-performing assets in our portfolio or respond to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited.
A prolonged economic slowdown, a lengthy or severe recession or declining real estate values could harm our operations.
We believe the risks associated with our business will be more severe during periods of economic slowdown or recession if these periods are accompanied by declining real estate values. Declining real estate values will likely reduce our level of new mortgage loan originations, since borrowers often use increases in the value of their existing properties to support the purchase or investment in additional properties. Borrowers may also be less able to pay principal and interest on our loans if the real estate economy weakens. Further, declining real estate values significantly increase the likelihood that we will incur losses on our loans in the event of default because the value of our collateral may be insufficient to cover our cost on the loan. Any sustained period of increased payment delinquencies, foreclosures or losses could adversely affect both our net interest income from loans in our portfolio as well as our ability to originate, sell and securitize loans, which would significantly harm our revenues, results of operations, financial condition, business prospects and our ability to make distributions to you.
We may be adversely affected by unfavorable economic changes in geographic areas where our properties are concentrated.
Adverse conditions in the areas where the properties underlying our investments are located (including business layoffs or downsizing, industry slowdowns, changing demographics and other factors) and local real estate conditions (such as oversupply of, or reduced demand for, office and industrial properties) may have an adverse effect on the value of our properties. A material decline in the demand or the ability of tenants to pay rent for office and industrial space in these geographic areas may result in a material decline in our cash available for distribution.
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We may not succeed in our attempts to invest in assets outside New York City, which could limit our growth and profitability.
The high yield lending business of SL Green has been focused on the New York metropolitan area. We intend to purchase investments secured by assets in other regions and metropolitan areas. Our Manager and its employees have limited experience investing outside New York City. Accordingly, we cannot assure that we will be successful in originating or acquiring a sufficient quality or quantity of assets to support our business, the failure of which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.
We are subject to significant competition and we may not compete successfully.
We have significant competition with respect to our acquisition and origination of assets with many other companies, including other REITs, insurance companies, commercial banks, private investment funds, hedge funds, specialty finance companies and other investors, some of which have greater resources than us, and we may not be able to compete successfully for investments.
Risks Related to Our Taxation as a REIT
Our failure to qualify as a REIT would result in higher taxes and reduced cash available for stockholders.
We intend to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. Our continued qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution and stockholder ownership requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy some of the asset tests depends upon the fair market values of our assets, some of which are not able to be precisely determined and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we would be subject to federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and distributions to stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Any such corporate tax liability could be substantial and would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders, which in turn could have an adverse impact on the value of, and trading prices for, our common stock. Unless entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. See "Material Federal Income Tax Considerations" for a discussion of material federal income tax considerations relating to us and our common stock.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our liquidity.
In order to qualify as a REIT, each year we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our taxable income, other than any net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under federal tax laws.
We intend to make distributions to our stockholders to comply with the REIT distribution requirements and avoid corporate income tax and/or excise tax. However, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash could require us to sell assets or borrow funds on a short-term or long-term basis to meet the 90% distribution requirement or avoid corporate income or excise tax. We may own assets that generate mismatches between taxable income and available cash. These assets may include (a) securities that have been financed through financing structures which require some or all of available cash flows to be used to service borrowings, (b) loans or mortgage-backed securities we hold that have been issued at a discount and require the accrual of
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taxable economic interest in advance of receipt in cash, and (c) distressed debt on which we may be required to accrue taxable interest income even though the borrower is unable to make current debt service payments in cash. As a result, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our net taxable income could cause us to: (a) sell assets in adverse market conditions, (b) borrow on unfavorable terms or (c) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt to comply with REIT requirements.
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To maximize the return on our funds, cash generated from operations is expected to be used to temporarily pay down borrowings. When making distributions, we may borrow the required funds by drawing on credit capacity available under our credit facilities. If distributions exceed the amount of cash generated from operations, we may be required to borrow additional funds, which, in turn, would reduce the amount of funds available for other purposes.
Further, amounts distributed will not be available to fund investment activities. We expect to fund our investments by raising equity capital and through borrowings from financial institutions. If we fail to obtain debt or equity capital in the future, it could limit our ability to grow, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively.
The existing REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code may substantially limit our ability to hedge our operations by requiring us to limit our income in each year from qualified hedges, together with any other income not generated from qualified REIT real estate assets, to less than 25% of our gross income. In addition, we must limit our aggregate income from non-qualified hedging transactions, from our provision of services and from other non-qualifying sources, to less than 5% of our annual gross income. As a result, we may have to limit our use of certain hedging techniques. This could result in greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to incur. If we fail to satisfy the 25% or 5% limitations, we could lose our REIT status for federal income tax purposes, unless our failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and we meet certain other technical requirements. Even if our failure was due to reasonable cause, we might incur a penalty tax.
The stock ownership limit imposed by the Internal Revenue Code for REITs and our charter may inhibit market activity in our stock and may restrict our business combination opportunities.
In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year. Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock. Our board of directors may not grant such an exemption to any proposed transferee whose ownership of in excess of 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares would result in the termination of our status as a REIT. Our board of directors will waive this provision in connection with SL Green's purchase of shares in this offering. These ownership limits could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
The tax on prohibited transactions will limit our ability to engage in transactions, including certain methods of securitizing mortgage loans, that would be treated as sales for federal income tax purposes.
A REIT's net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, but including mortgage loans, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We might be subject to this tax if we were to sell or securitize loans in a manner that was treated as a sale of the loans for federal income tax purposes. Therefore, in order to avoid the prohibited transactions tax, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of loans and may limit the structures we utilize for our securitization transactions even though such sales or structures might otherwise be beneficial for us.
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The "taxable mortgage pool" rules may limit the manner in which we effect future securitizations.
Certain of our future securitizations could be considered to result in the creation of taxable mortgage pools for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, so long as we own 100% of the equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool, we would not be adversely affected by the characterization of the securitization as a taxable mortgage pool (assuming that we do not have any stockholders who might cause a corporate income tax to be imposed upon us by reason of our owning a taxable mortgage pool). We would be precluded, however, from holding equity interests in such securitizations through our operating partnership, selling to outside investors equity interests in such securitizations or from selling any debt securities issued in connection with such securitizations that might be considered to be equity interests for tax purposes. These limitations will preclude us from using certain techniques to maximize our returns from securitization transactions.
We may be unable to generate sufficient revenue from operations to pay our operating expenses and to pay dividends to our stockholders.
As a REIT, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income each year to our stockholders. To qualify for the tax benefits accorded to REITs, we intend to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to our stockholders in amounts such that we distribute all or substantially all our taxable income each year, subject to certain adjustments. However, our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus. In the event of a downturn in our operating results and financial performance or unanticipated declines in the value of our asset portfolio, we may be unable to declare or pay quarterly dividends or make distributions to our stockholders. The timing and amount of dividends are in the sole discretion of our board of directors, which considers, among other factors, our earnings, financial condition, debt service obligations and applicable debt covenants, REIT qualification requirements and other tax considerations and capital expenditure requirements as our board may deem relevant from time to time.
Recent change in taxation of corporate distributions may adversely affect the value of our shares.
The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 generally reduces to 15% the maximum marginal rate of tax payable by domestic noncorporate taxpayers on distributions received from a regular C corporation. This reduced tax rate, however, will not apply to distributions made to individuals by a REIT on its stock, except for certain limited amounts. While the earnings of a REIT that are distributed to its stockholders will still generally be subject to less federal income taxation than earnings of a non-REIT C corporation that are distributed to its stockholders net of corporate-level income tax, this legislation could cause individual investors to view the stock of regular C corporations as more attractive relative to the stock of a REIT than was the case prior to the enactment of the legislation. This may be the case because the distributions from regular C corporations would generally be taxed at a lower rate while distributions from REITs will generally be taxed at the same rate as the individual's other ordinary income. We cannot predict what effect, if any, the enactment of this legislation may have on the value of the stock of REITs in general or on our common stock in particular, either in terms of price or relative to other investments.
Maintenance of our Investment Company Act exemption imposes limits on our operations.
We intend to conduct our operations so as not to become regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. We believe that there are a number of exemptions under the Investment Company Act that may be applicable to us. For example, Section 3(c)(5)(C) exempts from the definition of "investment company" any person who is "primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate." Additionally, Section 3(c)(6) exempts from the definition of "investment company" any company
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primarily engaged, directly or through majority-owned subsidiaries, in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate. Further, Rule 3a-1 under the Investment Company Act exempts from the definition of "investment company" a company that maintains at least 55% of the value of its assets (exclusive of Government securities and cash items) and derives at least 55% of its net income after taxes for the past four quarters in securities other than Government securities, securities issued by employees' securities companies, securities issued by certain majority-owned subsidiaries of such company and securities issued by certain companies that are controlled primarily by such company, provided that certain other requirements are met. The assets that we may acquire, therefore, are limited by the provisions of the Investment Company Act and the exemption on which we rely. In addition, we could, among other things, be required either (a) to change the manner in which we conduct our operations to avoid being required to register as an investment company or (b) to register as an investment company, either of which could have an adverse effect on us and the market price for our common stock.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
The concentration of our ownership may adversely affect the ability of new investors to influence our policies.
Upon completion of this offering SL Green and its affiliates will own approximately 25% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. In addition, SL Green has the right to purchase 25% of the shares in any future offering of common stock. Accordingly, these owners collectively will have significant influence over us and may determine to vote their shares together. The ownership level of SL Green and its affiliates may discourage or prevent others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. This concentration of ownership may result in decisions affecting us that may not serve the best interest of all stockholders.
Maryland takeover statutes may prevent a change of control of our company, which could depress our stock price.
Under Maryland law, "business combinations" between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder.
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After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
The business combination statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer, including potential acquisitions that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders. See "Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and BylawsMaryland Business Combination Act" and "Maryland Control Share Acquisitions Act."
We have opted out of these provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, with respect to its business combination provisions and its control share provisions by resolution of our board of directors and a provision in our bylaws, respectively. However, in the future our board of directors may reverse its decision by resolution and elect to opt in to the MGCL's business combination provisions, or amend our bylaws and elect to opt in to the MGCL's control share provisions.
Additionally, Title 8, Subtitle 3 of the MGCL permits our board of directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement takeover defenses, some of which we do not have. These provisions may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making us an acquisition proposal or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control under circumstances that otherwise could provide you with an opportunity to realize a premium over the then-current market price.
Our authorized but unissued preferred stock may prevent a change in our control which could be in your best interests.
Our charter authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of preferred stock and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of directors may establish a series of preferred stock that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Our staggered board of directors and other provisions of our charter and bylaws may prevent a change in our control.
Our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. The current terms of the directors expire in 2005, 2006 and 2007. Directors of each class are chosen for three-year terms upon the expiration of their current terms, and each year one class of directors is elected by the stockholders. The staggered terms of our directors may reduce the possibility of a tender offer or an attempt at a change in control, even though a tender offer or change in control might be in the best interest of our stockholders. In addition, our charter and bylaws also contain other provisions that may delay or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
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If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate and significant dilution in book value per share.
We expect the initial public offering price of our common stock to be substantially higher than what the book value per share of our outstanding common stock will be immediately after this offering. If you purchase our common stock in this offering, you will incur immediate dilution of approximately $ in the book value per share of common stock from the price you pay for our common stock in this offering. In addition, stockholders may be subject to dilution from exercise of existing or future options issued to our executive officers and directors, our Manager or SL Green or their employees.
Your interest in us may be diluted if we issue additional shares.
Existing stockholders and potential investors in this offering do not have preemptive rights to any common stock issued by us in the future. Therefore, investors purchasing shares in this offering may experience dilution of their equity investment if we sell additional common stock in the future, sell securities that are convertible into common stock or issue shares of common stock or options exercisable for shares of common stock.
There may not be an active market for our common stock, which may cause our common stock to trade at a discount and make it difficult to sell the common stock you purchase.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained after the offering. The initial public offering price for our common stock will be determined by negotiations between the underwriters and us. The price at which the shares of our common stock may sell in the public market after this offering may be lower than the price at which they are sold by the underwriters.
We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange. Listing on the New York Stock Exchange would not ensure that an active market will develop for our common stock. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to:
The market price and trading volume of our common stock may be volatile following this offering.
Even if an active trading market develops for our common stock after this offering, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and be subject to wide fluctuations. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our common stock declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your common stock at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly, including a decline below the initial offering price, in the future.
Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock include:
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Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of our common stock.
In addition, the stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many companies that have been unrelated to these companies' operating performances. These broad market fluctuations could reduce the market price of our common stock. Furthermore, our operating results and prospects may be below the expectations of investors or may be lower than those of companies with comparable market capitalizations, which could lead to a material decline in the market price of our common stock.
We established the public offering price on an arbitrary basis and it does not necessarily bear any relationship to our book value or the fair market value of our assets.
Our board of directors has arbitrarily determined the selling price of the shares, and such price bears no relationship to any established criteria for valuing issued or outstanding shares.
We have not established a minimum dividend payment level and we cannot assure you of our ability to pay dividends in the future.
We intend to pay quarterly dividends and to make distributions to our stockholders in an amount such that we distribute all or substantially all of our taxable income in each year, subject to certain adjustments. We have not established a minimum dividend payment level and our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this prospectus. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, our financial condition, maintenance of our REIT status and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant from time to time. We cannot assure you of our ability to pay dividends in the future. In addition, some of our distributions may include a return of capital.
An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of our common stock is our dividend rate as a percentage of our share price relative to market interest rates. If the market price of our common stock is based primarily on the earnings and return that we derive from our investments and not from market value of the investments themselves, then interest rate fluctuations and capital markets will likely affect the market price of our common stock. For instance, if market interest rates rise without an increase in our dividend rate, the market price of our common stock could decrease as potential investors may require a higher dividend yield on our common stock or seek other securities paying higher dividends or interest rates. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to you.
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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These statements are usually identified by the use of words such as "will," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "plans," "intends," "should" or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. We have listed below and have discussed elsewhere in this prospectus some important risks, uncertainties and contingencies which could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the forward-looking statements we make in this prospectus. These risks, uncertainties and contingencies include, but are not limited to, the following:
We assume no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In evaluating forward-looking statements, you should consider these risks and uncertainties, together with the other risks described from time-to-time in our reports and documents which will be filed with the SEC, and you should not place undue reliance on those statements.
We estimate that the proceeds from our sale of shares of common stock in this offering, at an assumed initial public offering price of $ , after deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses, will be approximately $ million. If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, we estimate that the net proceeds will be approximately $ million. No underwriting discounts or commissions are payable in connection with the sale of shares to SL Green.
We intend to use the net proceeds to make investments in real estate-related loans and securities and for general corporate purposes. We will also reimburse SL Green approximately $2.0 million for formation expenses incurred on our behalf. Until appropriate investments can be identified, we intend to invest the net proceeds of the offering temporarily in readily marketable interest-bearing securities consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT, or we may hold cash.
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The following table sets forth our capitalization as of April 12, 2004, on an actual basis and as adjusted to give effect to this offering and application of our net proceeds as described in "Use of Proceeds." This table should be read together with "Use of Proceeds," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
As of April 12, 2004 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Actual |
As Adjusted |
|||
|
(In thousands) |
||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 200 | ||||
Long-term debt |
|
||||
Stockholders equity |
|||||
Preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding |
|
||||
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 500,000 shares issued and outstanding, shares issued and outstanding as adjusted(1) |
1 |
||||
Additional paid in capital |
199 |
||||
Total stockholders equity |
200 |
||||
Total capitalization |
200 |
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We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to our stockholders. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must make distributions to our stockholders each year in an amount at least equal to (1) 90% of our REIT taxable income (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) plus (2) 90% of the excess of net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code, minus (3) any excess non-cash income. We are subject to corporate income tax on REIT taxable income that is not distributed and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our income are not distributed by specified dates. See "Material Federal Income Tax Considerations."
Any distributions will be made by us at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend in part on:
Our ability to make distributions to our stockholders depends upon the performance of our investment portfolio, and, in turn, upon our Manager's management of our business. Distributions will be made in cash to the extent that cash is available for distribution. We intend that cash generated from operations generally will be used to temporarily pay down borrowings. When making distributions, we generally expect to borrow the required funds by drawing on credit capacity available under our credit facilities. If distributions exceed the amount of cash generated from operations, we may be required to borrow additional funds or sell assets to meet our REIT distribution requirements. We may not be able to generate sufficient revenue from operations to pay distributions to our stockholders. In addition, our directors may change our distribution policy in the future. See "Risk Factors."
We intend to commence regular quarterly distributions after the offering. Distributions made in the early stages of our operations may exceed our income, particularly before we fully invest the proceeds of the offering. Distributions to stockholders are generally taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income, although a portion of these distributions may be designated by us as long-term capital gains to the extent they are attributable to net capital gain income recognized by us, or may constitute a return of capital to the extent they exceed our earnings and profits as determined for tax purposes. We will furnish annually to each of our stockholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their federal income tax status. For a discussion of the federal income tax treatment of our distributions, see "Material Federal Income Tax Considerations."
In the future, our board of directors may elect to adopt a dividend reinvestment plan that allows our stockholders that have enrolled in the plan to reinvest their distributions automatically in additional shares of our common stock.
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Our net tangible book value as of April 12, 2004 was approximately $200,000 or $0.40 per share of our common stock. If you invest in our common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the price you pay per share for our common stock and the net tangible book value per share of our common stock at the time of your purchase. Net tangible book value per share is calculated by subtracting our total liabilities from our total tangible assets, which is total assets less intangible assets, and dividing this amount by the number of shares of our common stock issued and outstanding. After giving effect to the sale by us of shares of our common stock in this offering, assuming a public offering price of $ per share, and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value as of April 12, 2004 would be $ million, or $ per share of our common stock. This represents an immediate increase in the net tangible book value of $ per share to our existing stockholder and an immediate and substantial dilution in net tangible book value of $ per share to investors in the offering.
The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
Assumed public offering price per share | $ | ||
Net tangible book value per share as of April 12, 2004 |
$ |
||
Increase per share attributable to investors |
$ |
||
Net tangible book value per share after this offering |
$ |
||
Dilution per share to investors |
$ |
|
Shares Purchased(1) |
Total Consideration |
|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Average Price Per Share |
||||||||||||
|
Number |
Percent |
Amount |
Percent |
|||||||||
Existing stockholder | 500,000 | $ | 200,000 | $ | 0.40 | ||||||||
New investors |
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Total/Weighted average |
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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We are a newly incorporated company and have no prior operations. Therefore, we do not have any meaningful operations to discuss. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the sections of the prospectus entitled "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
We are a newly-formed specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring, for our own account, subordinate interests in whole loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity interests in entities that own real estate and whole loans. Our investments will relate to commercial and multi-family real estate. We will conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership, Gramercy Capital OP LP. We will be externally managed and advised by Gramercy Capital Manager LLC, a subsidiary of SL Green. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and generally will not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent we distribute our income to our stockholders. However, we may establish taxable REIT subsidiaries to effect various taxable transactions that will recognize federal, state or local taxes on their activities.
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, which are known as GAAP. These accounting principles require us to make some complex and subjective decisions and assessments. Our most critical accounting policies involve decisions and assessments which could significantly affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenues and expenses. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements are based were reasonable at the time made based upon information available to us at that time. Our Manager has identified our most critical accounting policies to be the following:
Loans and Investments
Loans held for investment are intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, are carried at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, unless such loan or investment is deemed to be impaired. We invest in preferred equity interests that allow us to participate in a percentage of the underlying property's cash flows from operations and proceeds from a sale or refinancing. At the inception of each such investment, we must determine whether such investment should be accounted for as a loan, joint venture or as real estate.
Specific valuation allowances are established for impaired loans based on the fair value of collateral on an individual loan basis. The fair value of the collateral is determined by an evaluation of operating cash flow from the property during the projected holding period, and estimated sales value computed by applying an expected capitalization rate to the stabilized net operating income of the specific property, less selling costs, discounted at market discount rates.
If upon completion of the valuation, the fair value of the underlying collateral securing the impaired loan is less than the net carrying value of the loan, an allowance is created with a corresponding charge to the provision for loan losses. The allowance for each loan is maintained at a level we believe is adequate to absorb probable losses.
Classifications of Mortgage-Backed Securities
In accordance with applicable GAAP, our investments in mortgage-backed securities are classified as available-for-sale securities. As a result, changes in fair value are recorded as a balance sheet adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is a component of stockholders
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equity, rather than through our statement of operations. If available-for-sale securities were classified as trading securities, there could be substantially greater volatility in earnings from period-to-period.
Valuations of Mortgage-Backed Securities
All mortgage-backed securities are carried on the balance sheet at fair value. Our mortgage-backed securities have fair values determined by our Manager. Because fair value estimates may vary to some degree, our Manager must make certain judgments and assumptions about the appropriate price to use to calculate the fair values for financial reporting purposes. Different judgments and assumptions could result in different presentations of value.
When the fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than the amortized cost, our Manager considers whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment in the value of the security (for example, whether the security will be sold prior to the recovery of fair value). If, in our Manager's judgment, an other-than-temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the security is written down to the then-current fair value, and this loss is realized and charged against earnings. The determination of other-than-temporary impairment is a subjective process, and different judgments and assumptions could affect the timing of loss realization.
Revenue Recognition
Interest income on debt investments is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method and recognized on the accrual basis. Fees received in connection with loan commitments are deferred until the loan is funded and are then recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Anticipated exit fees, whose collection is expected, are also recognized over the term of the loan as an adjustment to yield. Fees on commitments that expire unused are recognized at expiration.
Income recognition is generally suspended for debt investments at the earlier of the date at which payments become 90 days past due or when, in our opinion a full recovery of income and principal becomes doubtful. Income recognition is resumed when the loan becomes contractually current and performance is demonstrated to be resumed.
Reserve for Possible Credit Losses
The expense for possible credit losses in connection with debt investments is the charge to earnings to increase the allowance for possible credit losses to the level that management estimates to be adequate considering delinquencies, loss experience and collateral quality. Other factors considered relate to geographic trends and product diversification, the size of the portfolio and current economic conditions. Based upon these factors, we establish the provision for possible credit losses by category of asset. When it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts contractually due, the account is considered impaired.
Where impairment is indicated, a valuation write-down or write-off is measured based upon the excess of the recorded investment amount over the net fair value of the collateral, as reduced by selling costs. Any deficiency between the carrying amount of an asset and the net sales price of repossessed collateral is charged to the allowance for credit losses.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, we use a variety of derivative instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. We require that hedging derivative instruments be effective in reducing the interest rate risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. This effectiveness is essential for qualifying for hedge accounting. Some derivative instruments are associated with an anticipated transaction. In those
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cases, hedge effectiveness criteria also require that it be probable that the underlying transaction occurs. Instruments that meet these hedging criteria are formally designated as hedges at the inception of the derivative contract.
To determine the fair values of derivative instruments, we use a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. For the majority of financial instruments including most derivatives, long-term investments and long-term debt, standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option-pricing models, replacement cost, and termination cost are used to determine fair value. All methods of assessing fair value result in a general approximation of value, and such value may never actually be realized.
Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (or FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 46 "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities" (or FIN 46), which requires a variable interest entity (or VIE), to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party that absorbs a majority of the VIE's anticipated losses and/or a majority of the expected returns.
In December 2003, the FASB revised FIN 46 (or FIN 46-R), delaying the effective date for certain entities created before February 1, 2003 and making other amendments to clarify the application of the guidance. Our Manager will evaluate our investments for potential variable interests by evaluating the sufficiency of the entities equity investment at risk to absorb losses. In November 2002, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 45 (or FIN 45), "Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others,"an interpretation of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5 (or SFAS No. 5), "Accounting for Contingencies," Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 57, "Related Party Disclosures," Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments" and rescinded FASB Interpretation No. 34, "Disclosure of Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others, an Interpretation of SFAS No. 5." It requires that upon issuance of a guarantee, the guarantor must recognize a liability for the fair value of the obligation it assumes under that guarantee regardless of whether it receives separately indentifiable consideration (i.e., a premium). The new disclosure requirements were effective December 31, 2002. The adoption of FIN 45 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements, nor is it expected to have a material impact in the future.
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT, under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2004. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will then be subject to federal income taxes on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and we will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially adversely affect our net income and net cash available for distributions to stockholders. However, we believe that we will be organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT and we intend to operate in the foreseeable future in such a manner so that we will qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of the ability to meet cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, fund and maintain loans and investments, pay dividends and other general business needs. Our primary sources of funds for liquidity consist of funds that we will raise in this offering, borrowings under credit agreements we expect to enter, net cash provided by operating activities, repayments of outstanding loans and investments and the issuance of securities.
We intend to enter into credit facilities prior to the consummation of this offering. Depending on market conditions, we expect that once the net proceeds of this offering are fully invested, our debt financing will be in the range of 70% to 80% of our total assets. Any indebtedness we incur will likely be subject to continuing covenants and we will likely be required to make continuing representations and warranties about our company in connection with such debt. Our debt financing terms may require us to keep uninvested cash on hand, or to maintain a certain portion of our assets free of liens, each of which could serve to limit our borrowing ability. Moreover, our debt may be secured by our assets. If we default in the payment of interest or principal on any such debt, breach any representation or warranty in connection with any borrowing or violate any covenant in any loan document, our lender may accelerate the maturity of such debt requiring us to immediately repay all outstanding principal. If we are unable to make such payment, our lender could foreclose on our assets that are pledged as collateral to such lender. The lender could also sue us or force us into bankruptcy. Any such event would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and the value of our common stock. In addition, posting additional collateral to support our credit facilities will reduce our liquidity and limit our ability to leverage our assets.
To maintain our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our taxable income. These distribution requirements limit our ability to retain earnings and thereby replenish or increase capital for operations. However, we believe that our significant capital resources and access to financing will provide us with financial flexibility at levels sufficient to meet current and anticipated capital requirements, including funding new lending and investment opportunities.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business plan, we expect that the primary market risks to which we will be exposed are real estate and interest rate risks.
Real Estate Risk
Commercial and multi-family property values and net operating income derived from such properties are subject to volatility and may be affected adversely by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors), local real estate conditions (such as an oversupply of retail, industrial, office or other commercial space), changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments, construction quality, age and design, demographic factors, retroactive changes to building or similar codes, and increases in operating expenses (such as energy costs). In the event net operating income decreases, a borrower may have difficulty repaying our loans, which could result in losses to us. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses. Even when a property's net operating income is sufficient to cover the property's debt service, at the time a loan is made, there can be no assurance that this will continue in the future.
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Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and other factors beyond our control.
Our operating results will depend in large part on differences between the income from our assets and our borrowing costs. Most of our assets and borrowings are expected to be variable-rate instruments. The objective of this strategy is to minimize the impact of interest rate changes on our net interest income. Many of our loans may be subject to various interest rate floors. As a result, the impact of a change in interest rates may be different on our interest income than it is on our interest expense. In addition, as the size of our portfolio increases and the percentage of borrowings as a percent of assets increases, a change in interest rates may have a negative impact on our net income. We do not expect to enter into hedging transactions with respect to all of our fixed-rate assets that are financed with floating rate debt. Accordingly, there will be an interest rate mismatch with respect to such assets, which may adversely affect our operating results.
In the event of a significant rising interest rate environment and/or economic downturn, delinquencies and defaults could increase and result in credit losses to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Further, such delinquencies or defaults could have an adverse effect on the spreads between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
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Overview
We are a newly-formed specialty finance company focused on originating and acquiring, for our own account, real estate related loans and securities associated with commercial and multi-family properties. We will invest in subordinate interests in whole loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity interests in entities that own real estate and whole loans. We may also invest in sub- and non-performing real estate loans and equity interests in real estate. Our objective is to grow our investment portfolio through investments that offer attractive risk-adjusted returns, rather than minimum yields. We expect to invest in assets with the potential for appreciation, in addition to providing current income.
We will be externally managed and advised by Gramercy Capital Manager LLC, a subsidiary of SL Green. SL Green is a REIT traded on the New York Stock Exchange which, together with its predecessor, has a 24-year history of owning, managing, leasing, acquiring and repositioning office properties in the New York metropolitan area. We will continue SL Green's high yield lending business as a separate public company from its core real estate investment, management, leasing, acquisition, development and construction businesses. In 1997, SL Green began a high yield lending business which has invested to date in 29 discrete transactions in structured debt, mezzanine finance and preferred equity investments in properties in the New York metropolitan area, in an aggregate amount of $545 million. We will continue this business as a separate public company and expect to expand that business into markets outside New York City and property types other than office buildings.
We believe our relationship with SL Green and our Manager will provide us substantial benefits in originating, underwriting and managing our investments. SL Green was a pioneer among owner/operators in purchasing first-loss positions in debt capital structures. Our Manager will be responsible for administering our business activities and day-to-day operations and will use the resources of SL Green to enhance our operations. Our management agreement will provide us access to SL Green's broad referral network, experience in capital markets, credit analysis, debt structuring, and risk and asset management, as well as corporate operations and governance. SL Green will agree not to compete with us in the fixed income real estate business we will conduct, but retains the right to invest in certain debt types, including distressed debt and debt with equity features, and to continue holding its existing debt portfolio. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsSL GreenOrigination Agreement."
SL Green will own approximately 25% of our common stock outstanding after the offering. In addition to SL Green's interest, our management team and key Manager personnel will own a substantial interest in us. As a result, SL Green and the Manager have a substantial stake in our success.
Our senior officers, each of whom is also an executive officer of SL Green and/or our Manager, have extensive real estate finance experience:
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business, and Credit Suisse First Boston, where he ran the commercial real estate private placement group and managed securitizations.
This management team brings to us many years of experience in high yield debt structuring and trading, debt capital markets, debt financing and syndication in addition to a strong background in debt origination, underwriting, credit, structuring, liability management, risk management, compliance and stockholder relations.
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes and generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our income to the extent we distribute our income to our stockholders and meet the other requirements for qualification as a REIT. We will conduct our operations principally through our operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner. Our ownership of assets in the operating partnership is referred to as an Umbrella Partnership REIT, or "UPREIT."
We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GKK."
We intend to invest in a diversified portfolio of real estate loans and securities including subordinate interests in whole loans, mezzanine loans, preferred equity, whole loans and other real estate-related assets. We will leverage these investments to enhance returns. We believe these investments can offer attractive risk-adjusted returns with long-term principal protection under a variety of default and loss scenarios. We will actively manage our assets with a goal of generating cash available for distribution, facilitating capital appreciation and generating attractive returns to our stockholders.
We will invest where SL Green has developed its franchise: the New York City office marketplace, the largest office market in the country and a deep, consistent source for high yield assets. We will also grow beyond our New York City base and diversify our portfolio by asset type, property type, location and borrower. We expect that diversification will reduce the risk of capital loss, and will also enhance the terms of our financing structures.
We will generate income principally from the spread between the yields on our assets and the cost of our borrowing and hedging activities and will leverage our investments to enhance returns. We intend to finance assets through a variety of techniques, including repurchase agreements, credit facilities, issuances of commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS), collateralized debt obligations and other structured financings. For higher risk investments, we will aggressively manage our positions, using our credit, structuring and asset management skills to enhance returns. We intend to grow our business using debt financing, syndication of loan interests and structured financing when feasible, rather than using equity capital, in order to increase earnings per share.
Our ability to manage the real estate risk underwritten by our Manager and us will be a critical component of our success. We will actively manage and maintain the credit quality of our portfolio by using our management team's expertise in structuring and repositioning investments to improve the quality and yield on managed investments. When investing in higher leverage transactions, we will use guidelines and standards SL Green has developed and employed, including a review of the creditworthiness of the equity investors, additional forms of collateral and strategies to effect repayment. If defaults occur, we expect to employ SL Green's strong asset management skills to mitigate the severity of any losses and will seek to optimize the recovery from assets in the event that
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we foreclose upon them. In New York, Washington, D.C. and elsewhere as appropriate, SL Green will manage these assets and has the right to purchase properties in metropolitan New York and Washington, D.C., that we acquire in foreclosure. In other geographic markets, we will use SL Green's relationships with local operators or investors to enhance our ability to mitigate defaults when investing in higher leverage transactions.
We intend to seek to structure the debt transactions in which we invest, which should enhance our ability to mitigate our losses, by having the right to control the debt that is senior to our position. We believe that this level of control will allow us to achieve attractive risk-adjusted returns within a real estate debt capital structure. We generally intend to avoid investments where we cannot secure adequate control rights, unless we believe the default risk is very low. Our flexibility to invest in all or any part of a debt capital structure, will enable us to participate in many transactions, and retain only the investments that meet our investment parameters.
We believe our business possesses several characteristics that will distinguish us from our competitors, including:
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management platform has a history of providing high quality servicing to leading financial institutions, including Prudential, Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley.
Our Targeted Investments
We intend to focus on certain types of investments, where we believe we have a competitive advantage or that offer specific risk adjusted returns. For properties that we believe have stable values or where we have specific asset management capabilities to mitigate losses, we will target higher leverage investments. If we conclude that a property to be financed will have a more volatile value under a variety of market conditions, we intend to target a less leveraged investment. In such transactions we may seek a second loss position. We will also target the origination of larger components of financings, including whole loans, to afford us the opportunity to syndicate and securitize our investments to create retained instruments with above-market returns.
Our targeted investments include the following:
B Notes typically bear interest at a rate of 225 to 600 basis points over the applicable interest rate index and have loan-to-value ratios between 65% and 75%. B Note lenders have the same obligations, collateral and borrower as the A Note lender, but typically are subordinated in recovery upon a default. B Notes share certain credit characteristics with second mortgages, in that both are subject to greater credit risk with respect to the underlying mortgage collateral than the corresponding first mortgage or A Note.
We may structure our mezzanine loans so that we receive a stated fixed or variable interest rate on the loan as well as a percentage of gross revenues and a percentage of the increase in the fair market value of the property securing the loan, payable upon maturity, refinancing or sale of
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the property. Our mezzanine loans may also have prepayment lockouts, penalties, minimum profit hurdles and other mechanisms to protect and enhance returns in the event of premature repayment.
These investments typically range in size from $10 to $50 million, have terms from 2 to 10 years and typically bear interest at a rate of 450 to 800 basis points over the applicable interest rate index. Some transactions entail the issuance of more than one tranche or class of mezzanine debt. Mezzanine loans usually have loan-to-value ratios between 75% and 90%.
We believe our bridge loans will lead to additional financing opportunities in the future, as bridge facilities are often a first step toward permanent financing facilities or a sale.
The majority of capital available for this market is from local commercial banks that provide lower leverage financing on a recourse basis. Accordingly, we feel that an opportunity exists to originate smaller bridge loans at attractive yields. We believe major financial institutions have largely abandoned this area primarily because it does not lead to significant trading profits from subsequent securitizations. However, we intend to use securitization as a financing rather than a trading activity. We intend to use these transactions to pool together smaller bridge loans and retain the resulting non-investment grade interests and interest-only certificates (perhaps in a single bond structure). To increase our volume, enhance financing efficiencies and create a national presence, we may seek joint ventures, mergers or other arrangements with regional or product specific originators.
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obligation so we can resell it or reposition it for permanent financing. In some limited instances, we may take title to the property underlying the real estate note.
Commercial mortgage-backed securities are secured by or evidence ownership interests in a single commercial mortgage loan or a pool of mortgage loans secured by commercial properties. Residential mortgage-backed securities are backed by pools of home mortgages. We expect a majority of our mortgage-backed securities investments to be rated by at least one rating agency.
The credit quality of mortgage-backed securities depends on the credit quality of the underlying mortgage loans, which is a function of factors such as:
We expect to focus not on new issues but rather on storied securities available in the secondary market where we are able to analyze and underwrite the underlying assets. These securities trade at higher yields than newly issued securities due to borrower performance issues. We expect to seek capital appreciation, in addition to interest income, by buying these securities at a discount to par value.
We will use debt financing in various forms in an effort to increase the size of our portfolio and potential returns to our stockholders. Access to low-cost capital is crucial to our business, since we earn income based on the spread between the yield on our investments and the cost of our borrowings.
Our financing strategy focuses on the use of match-funded financing structures. This means that we seek to match the maturities of our financial obligations with the maturities of our investments to minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our assets, and to reduce the impact of changing interest rates on earnings. In addition, we intend to match fund interest rates with like-kind debt (i.e., fixed-rate assets are financed with fixed-rate debt, and floating rate assets are financed with floating rate debt), through the use of hedges such as interest rate swaps, caps, or through a combination of these strategies. This allows us to reduce the impact on our cash flow and earnings of changing interest rates.
We expect to use short-term financing, in the form of our revolving credit facility, repurchase agreements, bridge financings and bank warehousing facilities, prior to the implementation of longer-term match-funded financing. For longer-term funding, we intend to utilize securitization structures, particularly collateralized debt obligations, as well as other match-funded financing structures. Collateralized debt obligations are multiple class debt securities, or bonds, secured by pools of assets, such as mortgage-backed securities, B Notes, mezzanine loans and REIT debt. Like typical
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securitization structures, in a collateralized debt obligation the assets are pledged to a trustee for the benefit of the holders of the bonds. The bonds may be rated by one or more rating agencies. One or more classes of the bonds are marketed to a wide variety of fixed income investors, which enables the collateralized debt obligation sponsor to achieve a relatively low cost of long-term financing. We believe that collateralized debt obligation financing structures are an appropriate financing vehicle for our targeted asset classes, because they will enable us to lock in a long-term cost of funds and minimize the risk that we have to refinance our liabilities prior to the maturities of our investments.
We will also use different levels of leverage depending on the specific risk-return characteristics of each investment type. For example, we would use more leverage with B Notes than mezzanine loans. We anticipate our overall leverage will be 70% to 80% of the total value of our assets; but our actual leverage will depend on our mix of assets.
In addition, we expect to seek to issue preferred equity when it becomes available to us on competitive terms in the market.
Our charter and bylaws do not limit the amount of indebtedness we can incur. Our leverage policy permits us to leverage up to 80% of the total value of our assets. Our board of directors has discretion to deviate from or change our indebtedness policy at any time. However, we intend to maintain an adequate capital base to protect against various business environments in which our financing and hedging costs might exceed the interest income from our investments. These conditions could occur, for example, due to credit losses or when, due to interest rate fluctuations, interest income on our investment lags behind interest rate increases on our borrowings, which are expected to be predominantly variable rate. We will use leverage for the sole purpose of financing our portfolio and not for the purpose of speculating on changes in interest rates.
Origination, Underwriting and Asset Management
Our Manager and SL Green will provide all of our critical investment selection and management functions from loan origination to disposition. We believe SL Green's experience in originating, structuring, underwriting, and servicing over $545 million in high yield assets since 1997 will support our ability to quickly establish a well structured, diversified portfolio of real estate investments. Our Manager intends to expand its initial staff by hiring additional originators, underwriters and asset managers, who in turn will provide expertise in new markets and property types.
Our origination and underwriting will be based on careful review and preparation, and will generally proceed as follows:
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The stages of the investment process are described in more detail below:
Origination
Our Manager initially will be responsible for originating all of our assets. We expect our Manager to take advantage of the broad network of relationships established by SL Green and its predecessor over the last 24 years to identify investment opportunities. In addition to SL Green's existing customer base, our Manager will utilize SL Green's extensive network of relationships with property owners, developers, mortgage loan brokers, commercial and investment banks and institutional investors. We believe a substantial portion of SL Green's transaction pipeline will generate appropriate investment opportunities for us. This pipeline includes numerous opportunities outside New York City which SL Green has not pursued, but which we intend to pursue. We intend to grow our platform on a national scale through the creation of strategic partnerships and hiring additional originators who will be responsible for generating new financing opportunities.
Once potential investment opportunities have been identified, our Manager will determine which financing products best meet the borrower's needs. Our Manager will work to optimize pricing and structure and create a favorable transaction for us. After identifying a suitable structure, our Manager will work with the borrower to prepare a loan application and an initial review of the investment before committing underwriting resources. Once a loan is identified as suitable, it will be forwarded to our Manager's underwriters for due diligence.
Underwriting
Once a potential investment has been identified, our Manager's underwriters will perform comprehensive financial, structural, operational and legal due diligence to assess the risks of the investment. Our Manager's underwriters will analyze the loan application package and conduct follow-up due diligence on each borrower as part of the underwriting process. The Manager's underwriters will generally review the following criteria as part of the underwriting process:
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Key factors which will be considered in credit decisions include, but are not limited to, debt service coverage, loan-to-value ratios and property and financial and operating performance. Consideration is also given to other factors such as the identity of the equity investors, additional forms of collateral and identified likely strategies to effect repayment. Our Manager will refine its underwriting criteria based upon actual loan portfolio experience and as market conditions and investor requirements evolve. Once diligence is completed and our Manager has reviewed the Underwritten Net Cash Flow, sponsorship and the deal structure, our Manager will determine the level in the capital structure at which an investment will be made and the required legal and structural protections.
Servicing and Asset Management
SL Green will service our assets through a sub-contract with our Manager. The loan servicing platform is designed to provide prompt customer service as well as accurate and timely information for account follow-up, financial reporting and management review. In addition, the servicing operations will include enforcement of the loan documents and standard asset management functions, including monitoring of property performance and condition and market analysis. The asset management group will monitor the investments to identify any potential underperformance of the asset and work with the borrower to remedy the situation in an expeditious manner in order to mitigate any effects of underperformance. The asset manager will be responsible for understanding the borrower's business plan with respect to each collateral property and monitoring performance measured against that plan. We intend to differentiate ourselves by leveraging our Manager's real estate knowledge and proactive approach to asset management by providing approvals and processing requests on a more timely and efficient basis. We believe that asset management is a vital component of the borrower and lender relationship because it leaves a lasting impression, and our ability to gain mutual respect with our borrowers and quickly respond to their needs will help us to develop strong and meaningful relationships that will lead to repeat business.
Investment and Borrowing Guidelines
We intend to operate pursuant to the following general guidelines for our investments and borrowings:
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These investment guidelines may be changed by our board of directors without the approval of our stockholders.
Hedging Activities
We may enter into hedging transactions to protect our investment portfolio from interest rate fluctuations and other changes in market conditions. These transactions may include interest rate swaps, the purchase or sale of interest rate collars, caps or floors, options, mortgage derivatives and other hedging instruments. These instruments may be used to hedge as much of the interest rate risk as our Manager determines is in the best interest of our stockholders, given the cost of such hedges and the need to maintain our status as a REIT. In general, income from hedging transactions does not constitute qualifying income under current law for purposes of the REIT gross income requirements. To the extent, however, that we enter into a hedging contract to reduce interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any income that we derive from the contract would be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT 95% gross income test, but not for the 75% gross income test. See "Material Federal Income Tax ConsiderationsHedging Transactions." Our Manager may elect to have us bear a level of interest rate risk that could otherwise be hedged when it believes, based on all relevant facts, that bearing such risk is advisable.
Disposition Policies
Our Manager will evaluate our assets on a regular basis to determine if they continue to satisfy our investment criteria. Subject to certain restrictions applicable to REITs, our Manager may cause us to sell our investments opportunistically and use the proceeds of any such sale for debt reduction, additional acquisitions or working capital purposes.
Equity Capital Policies
Subject to applicable law, our board of directors has the authority, without further stockholder approval, to issue additional authorized common stock and preferred stock or otherwise raise capital, including through the issuance of senior securities, in any manner and on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate. We may in the future issue additional equity interests in connection with acquisitions of assets.
We may, under certain circumstances, repurchase our common stock in private transactions with our stockholders if those purchases are approved by our board of directors. Our board of directors has no present intention of causing us to repurchase any shares, and any action would only be taken in conformity with applicable federal and state laws and the applicable requirements for qualifying as a REIT, for so long as our board of directors concludes that we should remain a REIT.
Other Policies
We intend to operate in a manner that will not subject us to regulation under the Investment Company Act. We may invest in the securities of other issuers for the purpose of exercising control over such issuers and underwrite securities of other issuers, particularly in the course of disposing of their assets.
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Future Revisions in Policies and Strategies
Our board of directors has the power to modify or waive our investment guidelines, policies and strategies. Among other factors, developments in the market that either affect the policies and strategies mentioned herein or that change our assessment of the market may cause our board of directors to revise our investment guidelines, policies and strategies. However, if such modification or waiver involves the relationship of, or any transaction between, us and our Manager or any affiliate of our Manager, the approval of a majority of our independent directors is also required. We may not, however, amend our charter to change the requirement that a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors or the requirement that our independent directors approve related party transactions without the approval of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by our stockholders.
Our net income depends, in large part, on our ability to originate investments with spreads over our borrowing cost. In originating these investments, we compete with other mortgage REITs, specialty finance companies, savings and loan associations, banks, mortgage bankers, insurance companies, mutual funds, institutional investors, investment banking firms, other lenders, governmental bodies and other entities, many of which have greater financial resources and lower costs of capital available to them than we have. In addition, there are numerous mortgage REITs with asset acquisition objectives similar to ours, and others may be organized in the future, which may increase competition for the available investments suitable for us. Competitive variables include market presence and visibility, size of loans offered and underwriting standards. To the extent that a competitor is willing to risk larger amounts of capital in a particular transaction or to employ more liberal underwriting standards when evaluating potential loans than we are, our origination volume and profit margins for our investment portfolio could be impacted. Our competitors may also be willing to accept lower returns on their investments and may succeed in buying the assets that we have targeted for acquisition. Although we believe that we are well positioned to compete effectively in each facet of our business, there is enormous competition in our market sector and there can be no assurance that we will compete effectively or that we will not encounter further increased competition in the future that could limit our ability to conduct our business effectively.
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We do not currently have any employees, nor do we anticipate hiring any employees in the near term. Our executive officers are all employed by our Manager or SL Green.
We are not involved in any litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any litigation threatened against us or our Manager.
We will be externally managed and advised by Gramercy Capital Manager LLC, which is a subsidiary of SL Green. We will leverage the personnel, infrastructure, relationships and experience of SL Green and our Manager to enhance the growth of our business. We initially will have no employees, and each of our executive officers is also an executive officer of our Manager or SL Green. The executive offices of our Manager are located at 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10170.
Officers and Employees of Our Manager
The following sets forth certain information with respect to the officers and employees of our Manager.
Name |
Age |
Position with Our Manager |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Hugh Hall | 37 | Managing director | ||
Andrew Mathias | 30 | Managing director | ||
Craig Solomon | 46 | Transaction counsel | ||
Andrew Falk | 37 | Vice president director of asset management and servicing | ||
Christina Do | 31 | Vice president origination | ||
David Schonbraun | 26 | Vice president origination |
Hugh Hall will serve as a managing director. Prior to joining us, he worked as an independent consultant since January 2004 advising SL Green on the development of our business plan. Before working with SL Green, Mr. Hall was a managing director at RBS Greenwich Capital from 2002-2003, where he was responsible for the structuring, pricing and distribution of mezzanine debt, preferred equity investments and other high yield structured debt interests. From 1996 to 2002, Mr. Hall was a director at Credit Suisse First Boston, where he established and ran the high yield private placement group, acting on behalf of principals and agents. While at Credit Suisse First Boston, he developed a number of the practices now employed in the single asset high yield finance business, including the structuring of multiple tranches of mortgage and mezzanine debt and preferred equity in single transactions. Mr. Hall received two B.A. degrees from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst and a J.D. degree from Boston University.
Andrew Mathias will serve as a managing director. Mr. Mathias is the chief investment officer of SL Green, responsible for the firm's equity and structured finance investments. Mr. Mathias joined SL Green in March 1999 as a vice president and was promoted to director of investments in 2002, a position he held until his promotion to chief investment officer in January 2004. Prior to joining SL Green, from July 1998, Mr. Mathias was with New York-based Capital Trust (NYSE: CT), a mezzanine finance company. From June 1995 to July 1998, Mr. Mathias worked at Capital Trust's predecessor company, Victor Capital Group, a private real estate investment bank specializing in advisory services, investment management, and debt and equity placements. While there, he worked on a wide variety of real estate principal investments and advisory transactions, both on behalf of third party clients and for the firm's own account. Mr. Mathias also worked on the high yield/restructuring desk at Bear Stearns
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and Co. Mr. Mathias received a B.S. degree in Economics from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Craig Solomon will serve as our transaction counsel. Mr. Solomon is a partner at Solomon and Weinberg LLP. Mr. Solomon has advised SL Green on its high yield investment transactions since 1997 and worked with the senior management team since the mid-1990's. He has a B.A. from Lehigh University and a J.D. degree from The George Washington University School of Law.
Andrew Falk will serve as a vice presidentdirector of asset management and servicing. Mr. Falk is a vice president of SL Green and the director of asset management. Prior to joining SL Green, Mr. Falk was a vice president at O'Connor Capital Partners, a private real estate investment firm, from 2000-2003. While at O'Connor Capital Partners, Mr. Falk was responsible for asset management, underwriting, and refinance duties with respect to commercial and residential equity and mezzanine loan investments on behalf of the firm's series of opportunity funds it co-sponsored with JP Morgan Chase. From 1995 to 2000, Mr. Falk was a senior asset manager at SSR Realty Advisors, Inc., a real estate pension advisory firm (a subsidiary of Metropolitan Life Insurance Company). From 1991-1995, Mr. Falk was an assistant vice president at Lehman Brothers, Inc. and from 1989 to 1991, Mr. Falk was a financial analyst at Arthur Andersen & Co. in its real estate services group. Mr. Falk earned a B.S. degree in Economics from Duke University and a M.S. in Real Estate Investment from New York University.
Christina Do will serve as a vice presidentorigination. Ms. Do is a vice president in the acquisitions and investments group at SL Green, where she is involved in acquisitions and structured finance investments, including over $400 million of underwritten mezzanine loans, preferred equity and distressed debt investments. Prior to joining SL Green, Christina worked at Pryor Cashman Sherman and Flynn as an associate in the real estate department. She received a B.S. degree from Cornell University and a J.D. from Rutgers University School of Law.
David Schonbraun will serve as a vice presidentorigination. Mr. Schonbraun is an associate at SL Green in the acquisitions and investments group where he has been involved in over $750 million of equity and debt investments. Prior to joining SL Green, he was a real estate investment banking analyst at Credit Suisse First Boston, where he worked on a variety of mergers and acquisition transactions, as well as debt and equity financings. Mr. Schonbraun received a B.A. in Economics and Politics from Princeton University.
We will enter into a management agreement with our Manager effective upon the closing of this offering. Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager will implement our business strategy on a day-to-day basis and perform certain services for us, subject to oversight by our board of directors.
Management Services
Our Manager will perform or cause to be performed the following functions:
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Pursuant to the management agreement, our Manager will not assume any responsibility other than to render the services called for thereunder and will not be responsible for any action of our board of directors in following or declining to follow its advice or recommendations. Our Manager, its directors and its officers will not be liable to us, any subsidiary, our directors, our stockholders or any subsidiary's stockholders for acts performed in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement, except by reason of acts constituting bad faith, willful misconduct or reckless disregard of our Manager's duties under the management agreement. We have agreed to indemnify our Manager, its directors and its officers, its stockholders, employees and agents with respect to all expenses, losses, actual damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our Manager performed in good faith in accordance with and pursuant to the management agreement. Our Manager has agreed to indemnify us, our directors and officers with respect to all expenses, losses, actual damages, liabilities, demands, charges and claims arising from acts of our Manager constituting bad faith, willful misconduct or reckless disregard of its duties under the management agreement, as determined pursuant to a final, non-applicable order of a court of competent jurisdiction. Our Manager will carry errors and omissions and other customary insurance.
Term and Termination Rights
The initial term of the management agreement will be through December 31, 2007, with automatic, one-year renewals at the end of each year thereafter. Either party may determine not to renew the agreement by notice given at least six months prior to the expiration date of the management agreement. The agreement may be terminated during its term only for cause. If the agreement is terminated or fails to be renewed without cause, we will be required to pay an amount equal to two times the higher of the total annual fees paid in either of the two calendar years prior to the termination unless we become self-managed, in which event the termination fee will be reduced by 50%. The special limited partner interests are also subject to mandatory redemption upon termination of the management agreement. Termination for cause shall be on 60 days' notice with no termination fee, but our Manager is entitled to be reimbursed for expenses and certain fees. Our Manager may not assign its duties under the management agreement except to affiliates.
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Management Fees
We will not initially maintain an office separate from our Manager or employ full-time personnel. Instead, we will rely on the facilities and resources of our Manager to conduct our operations. For performing services under the management agreement, we will pay a management fee calculated as described below. Our Manager will use the proceeds from its management fee, in part, to pay compensation to its officers and directors who, notwithstanding that some of them are also our officers, will receive no direct compensation from us, other than restricted stock or options which may be granted under our stock incentive plan.
Our Manager will receive an annual management fee equal to 1.75% of our Stockholders Equity, which is defined as the aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our operating partnership's common and preferred equity capital. Our Manager has also received a special limited partner interest in the operating partnership. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TtransactionsSL GreenSpecial Limited Partner Interests." The amount of the management fees will not depend on the performance of the services provided by our Manager or the types of assets it selects for our investment, but the distributions received through ownership of its special limited partner interests will be affected by the performance of these assets. The annual management fee shall be calculated and paid in cash monthly in arrears.
Under the management agreement, our Manager will also be entitled to reimbursement of certain expenditures. The expenses required to be paid by us include:
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Our Manager shall not be entitled to be reimbursed for wages, salaries and benefits of its officers and employees. Our Manager may retain third parties, including accountants, legal counsel, real estate underwriters, brokers, among others, on our behalf, and be reimbursed for such services. SL Green may render such services through its employees or affiliates on arm's-length terms.
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Our Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth certain information about our directors and executive officers.
Name |
Age |
Title |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stephen L. Green | 66 | Chairman of the board of directors | ||
Marc Holliday | 37 | Chief executive officer, president and director | ||
Hugh Hall | 37 | Chief operating officer and director | ||
Andrew Mathias | 30 | Chief investment officer | ||
Gregory F. Hughes | 40 | Chief financial officer | ||
Allan J. Baum | 48 | Director nominee* | ||
Paul J. Konigsberg | 67 | Director nominee* | ||
[Independent Director to be named] | Director nominee* | |||
[Independent Director to be named] | Director nominee* |
Information for Messrs. Hall and Mathias is set forth under the section "The ManagerOfficers and Employees of Our Manager." Information for our other officers and directors is set forth below.
Stephen L. Green will serve as the chairman of our board of directors. Mr. Green has served as SL Green's chairman and member of the executive committee of its board of directors since 1997. Mr. Green was chief executive officer of SL Green from 1997 until January 2004, when Marc Holliday was promoted to that position. Mr. Green founded SL Green's predecessor, S.L. Green Properties, Inc., in 1980. Prior to SL Green's initial public offering in 1997, Mr. Green had been involved in the acquisition of more than 50 New York City office buildings containing in excess of 4.0 million square feet. Mr. Green is an at-large member of the executive committee of the Board of Governors of the Real Estate Board of New York and has previously served as chairman of the Real Estate Board of New York's Tax Committee. He currently serves as a member on the Board of Directors of Street Squash. Mr. Green received a B.A. degree from Hartwick College and a J.D. degree from Boston College Law School.
Marc Holliday will serve as chief executive officer, president and a director. Mr. Holliday is chief executive officer, president and a director of SL Green. He was chief investment officer from July 1998, when he joined SL Green, through 2003 and was named its President in 2001. Prior to joining SL Green, he was managing director and head of direct originations for New York-based Capital Trust (NYSE: CT), a mezzanine finance company. From 1991 to 1997, Mr. Holliday served in various management positions, including senior vice president at Capital Trust's predecessor company, Victor Capital Group, a private real estate investment bank specializing in advisory services, investment management, and debt and equity placements. Mr. Holliday received a B.S. degree in Business and Finance from Lehigh University in 1988, as well as an M.S. degree in Real Estate Development from Columbia University in 1990.
Gregory F. Hughes will serve as our chief financial officer. Mr. Hughes is SL Green's chief financial officer, responsible for finance, capital markets, investor relations and administration. Prior to joining SL Green in February 2004, Mr. Hughes was managing director and chief financial officer of the private equity real estate group at JP Morgan Partners. From 1999 to 2002, Mr. Hughes was partner and chief financial officer of Fortress Investment Group, an investment and asset management firm which managed an $873 million real estate private equity fund and a New York Stock Exchange listed
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real estate investment trust with assets in excess of $1.3 billion. While at Fortress Investment Group, Mr. Hughes was actively involved in evaluating a broad range of real estate equity and structured finance investments and arranged various financings to facilitate acquisitions and fund recapitalizations. Mr. Hughes also served as chief financial officer of Wellsford Residential Property Trust, where he was responsible for that company's financial forecasting and reporting, treasury and accounting functions, capital markets and investor relations. While at Wellsford, Mr. Hughes was involved in numerous public and private debt and equity offerings and during his tenure, Wellsford became one of the first real estate investment trusts to obtain an investment grade rating. Mr. Hughes received his B.S. degree in Accounting from the University of Maryland and is a Certified Public Accountant.
Allan J. Baum will serve as a director upon completion of this offering. Mr. Baum retired from Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) in 2001, where he was a managing director and head of the structured finance unit for commercial mortgage-backed securities. Prior to his ten years with CSFB, Mr. Baum held the position of vice president in the Real Estate Investment Bank of Citicorp. He has also held positions in the tax-exempt housing finance and taxable mortgage finance areas of Merrill Lynch. Mr. Baum currently serves as a director of Community Development Trust (a for-profit, mission-oriented REIT) and National Cooperative Bank Development Corporation, as well as president of Weathervane Development Corporation, a residential cooperative. He previously served as vice president of the Commercial Mortgage Securities Association. Mr. Baum holds a B.A. degree from Dartmouth College and an MBA in Finance from Columbia University Graduate School of Business.
Paul J. Konigsberg will serve as a director upon completion of this offering. Mr. Konigsberg is a senior partner of Konigsberg Wolf and Co PC, a New York-based accounting firm. Mr. Konigsberg is on the board of directors and chairman of the audit committee of National Medical Health Card, a NASDAQ-listed company. Previously, Mr. Konigsberg served on the boards of directors of two, New York Stock Exchange-listed companies, Savin Business Machines and Ipco Hospital Supplies. Mr. Konigsberg serves as treasurer and a board member of the UJA Federation of New York and a member of the board of overseers and chairman of the finance committee of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Mr. Konigsberg is a member of the New York State Society of CPAs and The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Mr. Konigsberg has a LLM in taxation from the New York University Law School.
Independent Director to be named.
Independent Director to be named.
Board of Directors and Committees
Our business is ultimately managed through the oversight and direction of our board of directors, which has established investment guidelines for our Manager to follow in its day-to-day management of our business.
Upon completion of this offering, our board of directors will consist of seven directors, three of whom, Messrs. Green, Holliday and Hall, are affiliated with us, our Manager or SL Green, and four of whom we consider "independent" directors within the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Pursuant to our charter, the board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. The current terms of the Class I (Messrs. and ), Class II (Messrs. and ) and Class III (Messrs. and ) directors will expire at the annual meeting of stockholders in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. Upon expiration of their current terms, directors of each class will be elected to serve a term of three years and until their successors are elected and qualify each year and one class of directors will be elected by the stockholders. The directors keep informed about our business at meetings of the board of directors and its committees and through supplemental reports and communications. Our independent directors expect to meet regularly in executive sessions without the presence of our corporate officers.
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Our board of directors has established four committees, the principal functions of which are briefly described below. Matters put to a vote at any one of our committees must be approved by a majority of the directors on the committee who are present at a meeting at which there is a quorum or by unanimous written consent of the directors on that committee.
Audit Committee
Our audit committee is composed of three directors, , and (chairman) each of whom we consider to be independent under SEC regulations and financially literate under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. Our board of directors has also determined that is an "audit committee financial expert" within the meaning of SEC regulations. The audit committee assists the board of directors in overseeing:
Compensation Committee
Our compensation committee is composed of three independent directors, , and (chairman). The principal functions of the compensation committee are to:
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Our nominating and corporate governance committee is composed of three independent directors, , and (chairman). The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for seeking, considering and recommending to the board of directors, including nominee recommendations from stockholders, qualified candidates for election as directors and recommending a slate of nominees for election as directors at the annual meeting. It will also periodically prepare and submit to the board of directors for adoption the committee's selection criteria for director nominees. It will review and make recommendations on matters involving general operation of the board of directors and our corporate governance, and annually will recommend to the board of directors nominees for each committee of the board of directors. In addition, the committee annually facilitates the assessment of the board of directors' performance as a whole and of the individual directors and provides performance reports to the full board of directors.
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Investment Committee
Our investment committee will consist of Messrs. Holliday, and (chairman). Our investment committee must approve all transactions in which we invest over $15 million.
Director Compensation
Each independent director will be paid a director's fee of $ per year. Each director who serves as a committee chairman of the audit, compensation, nominating and corporate governance or investment committees will be paid an additional fee of $ . Each director will also be paid a fee of $ for each board of directors or committee meeting that he or she attends. Each director will also be paid a fee of $ for each telephonic board of directors or committee meeting that he or she attends. In addition, we will reimburse all directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with their services on the board of directors.
Our stock incentive plan provides for grants of restricted stock and other equity-based awards with respect to our common stock. Each independent director will receive shares of our restricted common stock upon completion of this offering.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Our board of directors has established a code of business conduct and ethics. Among other matters, the code of business conduct and ethics is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
Waivers of the code of business conduct and ethics may be granted only by the nominating and corporate governance committee of the board of directors. In the event that the committee grants any waivers of the provisions of the code with respect to any of our officers, we expect to announce the waiver within five business days on the corporate governance section of our corporate website at www.gramercy-capital.com. The information on that website is not a part of this prospectus.
Corporate Governance Guidelines
We expect to adopt corporate governance guidelines in accordance with New York Stock Exchange rules.
Public Availability of Corporate Governance Documents
Our key corporate governance documents, including our code of business conduct and ethics, corporate governance guidelines and the charters of our audit committee, compensation committee, nominating and corporate governance committee and investment committee will be:
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General
Because our management agreement provides that our Manager assumes principal responsibility for managing our affairs, our executive officers, who are employees of our Manager, do not receive cash compensation from us for serving as our executive officers. However, in their capacities as officers or employees of our Manager, or its affiliates, they devote a portion of their time to our affairs as is required for the performance of the duties of our Manager under the management agreement.
Our Manager has informed us that, because the services to be performed by its officers or employees in those capacities as such may not be performed exclusively for us, it may not be able to segregate and identify that portion of the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our executive officers by our Manager that relates to their services to us. Our Manager compensates each of our executive officers. Our Manager expects to enter into four-year employment agreements with each of the managing directors who are not also employees of SL Green. Each employment agreement will include standard non-compete provisions which extend for 12 months after termination of employment as well as other restrictive covenants. Compensation will include, in addition to a salary and bonus, receipt of restricted stock or options to purchase our stock at the initial offering price and a voting membership in our Manager.
Stock Incentive Plan
We will adopt a stock incentive plan to provide incentive compensation to attract and retain qualified directors, officers, advisors, consultants and other personnel, including our Manager and employees of our Manager and SL Green, and any joint venture affiliates of ours or SL Green. The stock incentive plan is administered by the compensation committee appointed by our board of directors.
The stock incentive plan will permit the granting of stock options, restricted stock, phantom shares, dividend equivalent rights and other stock-based awards. Under the stock incentive plan, shares issued shall not exceed more than 10% of the number of outstanding shares. In connection with this offering, we will grant to our directors and officers, and certain other employees of our Manager and SL Green, options or restricted shares at the initial public offering price covering % of our common stock outstanding after the offering (including any over-allotment exercised by the underwriters). Of the options or stock that have not been granted at the time of the initial public offering, the compensation committee shall have the right to make such awards in the form of stock incentive compensation on such terms as the compensation committee may deem appropriate.
Awards Under the Plan
Stock Options. The terms of specific options, including whether options shall constitute "incentive stock options" for purposes of Section 422(b) of the Internal Revenue Code, shall be determined by the compensation committee of our board of directors. The exercise price of an option shall be determined by the committee and reflected in the applicable award agreement. The exercise price with respect to incentive stock options may not be lower than 100% (110% in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a 10% stockholder, if permitted under the plan) of the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Each option will be exercisable after the period or periods specified in the award agreement, which will generally not exceed ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a 10% stockholder, if permitted under the plan). Options will be exercisable at such times and subject to such terms as determined by the committee. Unless otherwise determined by the committee at the time of grant, such stock options shall vest ratably over a five-year period beginning on the date of grant.
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Restricted Stock. A restricted stock award is an award of shares of common stock that is subject to restrictions on transferability and such other restrictions, if any, as our board of directors or committee may impose at the date of grant. Grants of restricted stock will be subject to vesting schedules as determined by the compensation committee. The restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, including, without limitation, a specified period of employment or the satisfaction of pre-established criteria, in such installments or otherwise, as the compensation committee of our board of directors may determine. Except to the extent restricted under the award agreement relating to the restricted stock, a participant granted restricted stock has all of the rights of a stockholder, including, without limitation, the right to vote and the right to receive dividends on the restricted shares. Although dividends are paid on all restricted stock, whether or not vested, at the same rate and on the same date as on shares of our common stock, holders of restricted stock are prohibited from selling such shares until they vest.
Phantom Shares. Phantom shares will vest as provided in the applicable award agreement. A phantom share represents a right to receive the fair market value of a share of our common stock, or, if provided by the committee, the right to receive the fair market value of a share of our common stock in excess of a base value established by the committee at the time of grant. Phantom shares may generally be settled in cash or by transfer of shares of common stock (as may be elected by the participant or the committee, as may be provided by the committee at grant). The committee may, in its discretion and under certain circumstances, permit a participant to receive as settlement of the phantom shares installments over a period not to exceed ten years. In addition, the committee may establish a program under which distributions with respect to phantom shares may be deferred for additional periods as set forth in the preceding sentence.
Dividend Equivalents. A dividend equivalent is a right to receive (or have credited) the equivalent value (in cash or shares of common stock) of dividends declared on shares of common stock otherwise subject to an award. The committee may provide that amounts payable with respect to dividend equivalents shall be converted into cash or additional shares of common stock. The committee will establish all other limitations and conditions of awards of dividend equivalents as it deems appropriate.
Other Stock-Based Awards. The stock incentive plan will authorize the granting of other awards based upon the common stock (including the grant of securities convertible into common stock and stock appreciation rights), and subject to terms and conditions established at the time of grant.
Change in Control
Upon a change in control of us (as defined in the stock incentive plan), the committee may make such adjustments as it, in its discretion, determines are necessary or appropriate in light of the change in control, but only if the committee determines that the adjustments do not have an adverse economic impact on the participants (as determined at the time of the adjustments).
Our board of directors may amend, alter or discontinue the stock incentive plan, but cannot take any action that would impair the rights of a participant without such participant's consent. To the extent necessary and desirable, the board of directors must obtain approval of the stockholders, for any amendment that would:
The compensation committee or our board of directors may amend the terms of any award granted under the stock incentive plan, prospectively or retroactively, but, generally may not impair the rights of any participant without his or her consent.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
We are party to various transactions with and subject to various conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with SL Green and our Manager and their affiliates.
Because our executive officers and certain of our directors also serve as officers and directors of SL Green, conflicts of interest may arise. In particular, because our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and several other of our executive officers hold the same or similar positions with our Manager and SL Green, conflicts of interest may arise in allocating their time between us and other programs and activities in which they are involved. Because these executive officers owe fiduciary duties to SL Green, their fiduciary duties may from time-to-time conflict with the fiduciary duties owed to us and our stockholders.
Purchases of Common Stock
In connection with our incorporation, a subsidiary of SL Green purchased 500,000 shares of our common stock for $200,000, or $0.40 per share, as our initial capitalization. SL Green is purchasing 25% of the shares sold in this offering at the initial public offering price. SL Green, a founder of our company, will be a major stockholder, owning approximately 25% of our common stock outstanding after this offering, which will give SL Green significant influence over our affairs, including matters brought to a stockholder vote. SL Green also has the right to purchase 25% of any shares of stock sold in future offerings, as described below under "Origination Agreement."
Servicing and Outsource Reimbursement Agreements
Affiliates of SL Green are entering into servicing and outsource reimbursement agreements with our Manager. Under the servicing agreement, SL Green will provide asset management and other services as requested by our Manager. We will reimburse the Manager for the service fee charged by SL Green under this agreement, which is 0.15% per annum of the book value of our fixed income investments other than investment grade bonds or corporate unsecured debt. However, fees will be paid on investment grade bonds which have a first-loss position. Under the outsource agreement, SL Green will provide various services related to our obligations as a publicly registered and traded company. We will reimburse the Manager for the charges under this agreement, initially $1.25 million per year, with such amount to increase 3% annually thereafter.
Special Limited Partner Interests
Our Manager and SL Green also are entitled to receive quarterly distributions through their ownership of special limited partner interests in our operating partnership. SL Green intends to own not less than 70% of the special limited partner interests, with the balance of the interests available for distribution or allocation to the Manager's employees. The special limited partner interest distributions will be made quarterly in an aggregate amount equal to 25% of the amount, if any, by which: (1) the sum of our Funds from Operations plus any gains (or losses) from debt restructuring or property sales exceeds (2) the product of weighted average Stockholders Equity multiplied by 2.375%. Stockholders Equity is the aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our operating partnership's common and preferred equity capital. "Funds from Operations" is as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) on the date hereof and means net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) from debt restructuring and gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. These distributions shall be recalculated at the end of each calendar
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year, beginning with 2004, on our weighted average Stockholders Equity multiplied by 9.5%. If quarterly distributions exceed the annual recalculated amount, the holders of the interests shall refund the excess to the operating partnership. These interests are subject to mandatory redemption by us in the event of termination of or failure to renew the management agreement. The redemption amount shall be equal to two times the higher of aggregate distributions on the special limited partner interests in each of the last two calendar years prior to redemption, unless we become self-managed, in which case the redemption amount shall be reduced by 50%. If the management agreement is terminated for cause, the redemption price shall be $100.
We will enter into an origination agreement with SL Green which will be effective during the term of the management agreement, provided that SL Green owns at least 50% of our Manager. Pursuant to this agreement, SL Green will not originate, acquire or participate in fixed income investments in the United States, subject to certain conditions and exclusions described below. Fixed income investments include debt obligations or interests in debt obligations bearing a fixed-rate of return and collateralized by real property or interests in real property. SL Green has also agreed not to acquire, originate or participate in preferred equity investments which bear a fixed rate of return in the United States, unless we have determined not to pursue that opportunity.
Under the agreement, SL Green will retain the following rights:
We will agree that we will not:
We will also agree that, when we acquire property in metropolitan New York or Washington D.C. by foreclosure or similar conveyance, SL Green will have the right to purchase the property at a price equal to our unpaid asset balance on the date we foreclosed or acquired the asset, plus contract interest (without default interest or penalties) through such date (this amount is called "Par Value"). If we seek to sell the asset and receive a bona fide third party offer to acquire the asset for cash that we desire to accept, SL Green may purchase the asset at the lower of the Par Value or the third party's offer price. If the asset is not sold within one year, SL Green has the right to purchase the property at its appraised value. The appraised value will be determined as follows: we will select an appraiser and
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SL Green will select an appraiser, who will each appraise the property. These two appraisers jointly will select a third appraiser, who will then choose one of the two appraisals as the final appraised value.
We will grant SL Green a right of first offer to acquire any distressed debt which we decide to sell.
Under this agreement, we have also agreed to sell to SL Green 25% of the shares sold in this offering (including any shares purchased pursuant to the underwriters' over-allotment option) at the initial public offering price. This sale will close at the same time this offering closes. No underwriting discount or commission will be paid in connection with the shares sold to SL Green. We have also agreed that, during the term of this origination agreement, SL Green will have the right to purchase 25% of the shares in any future offering of common stock, at the same price as other purchasers, in order to maintain its percentage ownership interest in us after this offering. This right will also apply to issuances of units in our operating partnership.
In addition, upon the closing of this offering, we will reimburse SL Green $2.0 million to cover certain costs and expenses incurred by it in connection with our formation.
Other Transactions
We may also enter into other business transactions with SL Green or its affiliates subject to compliance with our conflict procedures. See "The CompanyOperating Policies."
Each of our executive officers also serves as an officer of SL Green or our Manager. As a result, our management agreement with our Manager, described under "The ManagerManagement Agreement," was not negotiated at arm's-length and its terms, including fees payable and termination provisions, may not be as favorable to us as if it had been negotiated with an unaffiliated third party.
SL Green and our Manager also own special limited partner interests in our operating partnership, as described above. In evaluating investments and other management strategies, these interests may lead our Manager to place emphasis on the maximization of revenues at the expense of other criteria, such as preservation of capital. Investments with higher yield potential are generally riskier or more speculative. This could result in increased risk to the value of our invested portfolio. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our ManagementThere are conflicts of interest in our relationship with our Manager."
Lack of Separate Representation
Clifford Chance US LLP is counsel to us, our Manager and SL Green in connection with this offering and may in the future act as counsel to us, our Manager and SL Green. There is a possibility that in the future the interests of various parties may become adverse. In the event that such a dispute were to arise between us, our Manager and/or SL Green, separate counsel for such matters will be retained as and when appropriate.
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SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the ownership of each class of capital stock by:
Unless otherwise indicated, all shares are owned directly and the indicated person has sole voting and investment power. Except as indicated in the footnotes to the table below, the business address of the stockholders listed below is the address of our principal executive office, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10170. Before this offering, all 500,000 of our shares are owned by a subsidiary of SL Green.
|
After the Offering |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name |
Number of Shares Beneficially Owned |
Percent of Class |
|||
Stephen L. Green | |||||
Marc Holliday | |||||
Hugh Hall | |||||
Andrew Mathias | |||||
Gregory Hughes | |||||
Allan J. Baum | |||||
Paul J. Konigsberg | |||||
[Independent Director to be named] | |||||
[Independent Director to be named] | |||||
All directors and officers as a group | |||||
SL Green Realty Corp |
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The following summary description of our capital stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to our charter and our bylaws and any amendments thereto, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Our charter provides that we may issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, and up to 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share. Under Maryland law, stockholders generally are not liable for the corporation's debts or obligations.
All shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus will be duly authorized and, upon our receipt of the full consideration therefor, will be fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of our shares of common stock have no sinking fund or redemption rights and have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. SL Green has the right to purchase shares in future offerings of common stock. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsSL GreenOrigination Agreement."
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, referred to in this prospectus as the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter, unless a lesser percentage (but not fewer than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast by the stockholders on the matter) is set forth in the corporation's charter. Our charter provides that any such action shall be effective and valid if taken or authorized by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, except that amendments to the provisions of our charter relating to the removal of directors must be approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Each outstanding share of common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors. Holders of shares of our common stock are not entitled to cumulate their votes in the election of directors.
Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on transfer of stock, holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends on their stock if, as and when authorized and declared by our board of directors out of assets legally available therefor.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of any series of preferred stock previously authorized by our board of directors. Prior to issuance of shares of each class or series of preferred stock, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to fix the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each class or series. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest.
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Power to Issue Additional Shares of Common Stock and Preferred Stock
We believe that the power of our board of directors to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock will provide us with increased flexibility in making investments, acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional shares of our common stock are available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded.
Our charter, subject to certain exceptions, contains certain restrictions on the number of shares of our stock that a person may own. Upon the closing of this offering, our charter will contain a stock ownership limit which will prohibit any person from acquiring or holding, directly or indirectly, applying attribution rules under the Internal Revenue Code, shares of stock in excess of 9.8% of the total number of shares or value of our outstanding common stock, whichever is more restrictive. Our charter further prohibits (1) any person from beneficially or constructively owning shares of our stock that would result in us being "closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, and (2) any person from transferring shares of our stock if such transfer would result in shares of our stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons. Unless exempted by our board of directors, no person may own more than 9.8% of the aggregate value of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our stock. Our board of directors may not grant such an exemption to any proposed transferee whose ownership of in excess of 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares would result in the termination of our status as a REIT. Our board of directors will waive this provision in connection with SL Green's purchase of shares in this offering. However, our board of directors may not grant such an exemption to any person whose ownership, direct or indirect, of in excess of 9.8% of the number or value of the outstanding shares of our stock (whichever is more restrictive) would result in us being "closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise would result in us failing to qualify as a REIT.
The person seeking an exemption must represent to the satisfaction of our board of directors that it will not violate the aforementioned restriction. The person also must agree that any violation or attempted violation of any of the foregoing restrictions will result in the automatic transfer of the shares of stock causing such violation to the trust (as defined below). Our board of directors may require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to our board of directors in its sole discretion, to determine or ensure our status as a REIT.
Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership, or any person who would have owned shares of our stock that resulted in a transfer of shares to the trust in the manner described below, will be required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on us.
If any transfer of shares of our stock occurs which, if effective, would result in any person beneficially or constructively owning shares of our stock in excess or in violation of the above transfer or ownership limitations, then that number of shares of our stock the beneficial or constructive ownership of which otherwise would cause such person to violate such limitations (rounded to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, and the prohibited owner shall not acquire any rights in such shares. Such automatic transfer shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of such violative transfer. Shares of stock held in the trust shall be issued and outstanding shares of our stock. The prohibited owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of
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any shares of stock held in the trust, shall have no rights to dividends and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares of stock held in the trust. The trustee of the trust shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of stock held in the trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by us that shares of stock have been transferred to the trustee shall be paid by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the trustee upon demand, and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the trustee shall be held in trust for the charitable beneficiary. The prohibited owner shall have no voting rights with respect to shares of stock held in the trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such shares of stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority (at the trustee's sole discretion) (1) to rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited owner prior to the discovery by us that such shares have been transferred to the trust, and (2) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Within 20 days after receiving notice from us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall sell the shares of stock held in the trust to a person whose ownership of the shares will not violate any of the ownership limitations set forth in our charter. Upon such sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The prohibited owner shall receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the prohibited owner for the shares or, if the prohibited owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other such transaction), the market price, as defined in our charter, of such shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (2) the price per share received by the trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the trust, in each case reduced by the costs incurred to enforce the ownership limits as to the shares in question. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited owner shall be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, such shares are sold by a prohibited owner, then (1) such shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and (2) to the extent that the prohibited owner received an amount for such shares that exceeds the amount that such prohibited owner was entitled to receive pursuant to the aforementioned requirement, such excess shall be paid to the trustee upon demand.
In addition, shares of our stock held in the trust shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (1) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of such devise or gift) and (2) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept such offer. We shall have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of stock held in the trust. Upon such a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner.
All certificates representing shares of our common stock and preferred stock, if issued, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Every record holder of 0.5% or more (or such other percentage as required by the Internal Revenue Code and the related Treasury regulations) of all classes or series of our stock, including shares of our common stock on any dividend record date during each taxable year, within 30 days after the end of the taxable year, shall be required to give written notice to us stating the name and address of such record holder, the number of shares of each class and series of our stock which the record holder beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such record holder shall provide to us such additional information as we may request in order to determine
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the effect, if any, of such beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the stock ownership limits. In addition, each record holder shall upon demand be required to provide to us such information as we may reasonably request in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance. We may request such information after every sale, disposition or transfer of our common stock prior to the date a registration statement for such stock becomes effective.
These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other transaction of us that might involve a premium price for the common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders.
The Bank of New York will be the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.
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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND
OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, reference to Maryland law and to our charter and our bylaws.
Classification of Board of Directors
Our bylaws provide that the number of directors may be established, increased or decreased by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum number required by the MGCL (which currently is one). Any vacancy on our board may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, even if such a majority constitutes less than a quorum, except that a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors must be filled by a majority of the entire board of directors. Our stockholders may elect a successor to fill a vacancy on our board which results from the removal of a director. Our bylaws provide that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors.
Pursuant to our charter, our board of directors is divided into three classes of directors. Beginning in 2005, directors of each class will be chosen for three-year terms upon the expiration of their current terms and every other year one class of our directors will be elected by our stockholders. We believe that classification of our board of directors will help to assure the continuity and stability of our business strategies and policies as determined by our board of directors. Holders of shares of our common stock will not have the right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote will be able to elect all of the successors of the class of directors whose terms expire at that meeting.
The classified board provision could have the effect of making the replacement of incumbent directors more time consuming and difficult. Two separate meetings of stockholders, instead of one, will generally be required to effect a change in a majority of our board of directors. Thus, the classified board provision could increase the likelihood that incumbent directors will retain their positions. The staggered terms of directors may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or an attempt to change control of us, even though a tender offer or change in control might be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Removal of Directors
Our charter provides that a director may be removed by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by our stockholders generally in the election of our directors. This provision, when coupled with the provision in our bylaws authorizing our board of directors to fill vacant directorships, will preclude stockholders from removing incumbent directors and filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees except upon a substantial affirmative vote.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services, or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our charter contains such a provision which eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by the MGCL.
Our charter and bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify any person who is or was a party to, or is threatened to be made a party to, any threatened or pending proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of our
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company, or while a director or officer of our company is or was serving, at our request, as a director, officer, agent, partner or trustee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, real estate investment trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise. To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, the indemnification provided for in our charter and bylaws shall include expenses (including attorney's fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement and any such expenses may be paid or reimbursed by us in advance of the final disposition of any such proceeding. Our bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served any of our predecessors in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of us or a predecessor of us.
The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of his service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (1) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services, or (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation's receipt of (1) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation, and (2) a written undertaking by or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
Indemnification Agreements
We will enter into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements require, among other things, that we indemnify such persons to the fullest extent permitted by law, and advance to such persons all related expenses, subject to reimbursement if it is subsequently determined that indemnification is not permitted. Under these agreements, we must also indemnify and advance all expenses incurred by such persons seeking to enforce their rights under the indemnification agreements, and may cover our directors and executive officers under our directors' and officers' liability insurance. Although the form of indemnification agreement offers substantially the same scope of coverage afforded by law, it provides greater assurance to our directors and executive officers and such other persons that indemnification will be available because, as a contract, it cannot be modified unilaterally in the future by our board of directors or the stockholders to eliminate the rights it provides.
Maryland Business Combination Act
The MGCL establishes special requirements for "business combinations" between a Maryland corporation and "interested stockholders" unless exemptions are applicable. An interested stockholder is any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of our then-outstanding voting stock. Among other things, the law prohibits for a period of five years a merger and other similar transactions between us and an interested stockholder unless our board of directors approved the transaction prior to the party becoming an interested stockholder. The five-year period
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runs from the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder. The law also requires a supermajority stockholder vote for these transactions after the end of the five-year period. This means that the transaction must be approved by at least:
Our board of directors has adopted a resolution exempting the company from the provisions of the MGCL relating to business combinations with interested stockholders or affiliates of interested stockholders. However, such resolution can be altered or repealed, in whole or in part, at any time by our board of directors. If such resolution is repealed, the business combination statute could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and of increasing the difficulty of consummating these offers, even if our acquisition would be in our stockholders' best interests.
Maryland Control Share Acquisitions Act
The MGCL provides that "control shares" of a Maryland corporation acquired in a "control share acquisition" have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock owned by the acquiror, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation. "Control shares" are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (1) one-tenth or more, but less than one-third; (2) one-third or more, but less than a majority; or (3) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A "control share acquisition" means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, we may present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders' meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. This means that you would be able to force us to redeem your stock for fair value. Under Maryland law, the fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition. Furthermore, certain limitations otherwise applicable to the exercise of appraisal rights would not apply in the context of a control share acquisition.
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The control share acquisition statute does not apply (i) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if we are a party to the transaction, or (ii) to acquisitions approved or exempted by our charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our shares of stock. We cannot assure you that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. If such provision is eliminated, the control share acquisition statute could have the effect of discouraging offers to acquire us and increasing the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if our acquisition would be in our stockholders' best interests.
Amendment to the Charter
Except as provided below, our charter, including its provisions on classification of our board of directors and removal of directors may be amended only if approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Amendments to the provisions of our charter relating to the removal of directors will be required to be approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Dissolution
Our dissolution must be approved by our stockholders by the affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) at the direction of our board of directors, or (3) by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that with respect to special meetings of our stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting, and nominations of persons for election to our board of directors may be made only (a) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (b) by or at the direction of our board of directors, or (c) provided that our board of directors has determined that directors shall be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws.
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THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
The following is a summary of certain provisions in the partnership agreement of our operating partnership. This summary is not complete and is qualified by the specific language in the partnership agreement.
Gramercy Capital OP LP, our operating partnership, was formed in April 2004 to acquire and own our assets. We are considered to be an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust, or an "UPREIT," in which all of our assets are owned in a limited partnership, the operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner. For purposes of satisfying the asset and income tests for qualification as a REIT for tax purposes, our proportionate share of the assets and income of our operating partnership will be deemed to be our assets and income.
Our operating partnership will be structured to make distributions with respect to limited partnership units that will be equivalent to the dividend distributions made to our common stockholders. Finally, the operating partnership will be structured to permit limited partners in the operating partnership to exchange their limited partnership units for cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis (in a taxable transaction) and, if our shares are then listed, achieve liquidity for their investment.
We are the sole general partner of the operating partnership. As the sole general partner of the operating partnership, we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the operating partnership. SL Green and our Manager also own a special limited partner interest in our operating partnership, which entitles them to receive quarterly distributions in an aggregate amount equal to 25% of the amount, if any, by which: (1) the sum of our Funds from Operations plus any gains (or losses) from debt restructuring or property sales exceeds (2) the product of our weighted average Stockholders Equity multiplied by 2.375%. "Funds from Operations" is as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT) on the date hereof and means net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (losses) from debt restructuring and gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization on real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. "Stockholders Equity" means the aggregate gross proceeds from sales of our operating partnership's common and preferred equity capital. These distributions shall be recalculated at the end of each calendar year beginning with 2004, on our weighted average Stockholders Equity multiplied by 9.5%. If quarterly distributions exceed the annual recalculated amount, the holders of the interests shall refund the excess to the operating partnership. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsSL GreenSpecial Limited Partner Interests." There will be no other partners initially.
Although initially all of our assets will be held through the UPREIT structure, we may in the future elect for various reasons to hold certain of our assets directly rather than through the operating partnership. In the event we elect to hold assets directly, the income of the operating partnership will be allocated as between us and limited partners so as to take into account the performance of such assets.
We will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to the operating partnership as a capital contribution in the amount of the gross offering proceeds received from investors. The operating partnership will be deemed to have simultaneously paid the selling commissions and other costs associated with the offering. If the operating partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of capital contributions made by us or from borrowing, we may borrow funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the operating partnership on the same terms and
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conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds. In addition, we are authorized to cause the operating partnership to issue partnership interests for less than fair market value if we conclude in good faith that such issuance is in the best interest of the operating partnership and our stockholders.
The partnership agreement of the operating partnership will provide that the operating partnership is to be operated in a manner that will (1) enable us to satisfy the requirements for classification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, (2) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability, and (3) ensure that the operating partnership will not be classified as a "publicly traded partnership" for purposes of Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code, which classification could result in the operating partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a disregarded entity or a partnership.
The partnership agreement will provide that the operating partnership will distribute cash flow from operations to the limited partners (other than special limited partners) of the operating partnership in accordance with their relative percentage interests on at least a quarterly basis in amounts determined by us as the general partner such that a holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership will receive the same amount of annual cash flow distributions from the operating partnership as the amount of annual dividends paid to the holder of one share of our common stock. Remaining cash from operations will be distributed to us as the general partner to enable us to make dividend distributions to our stockholders.
Similarly, the partnership agreement of the operating partnership will provide that taxable income is allocated to the limited partners (other than special limited partners) of the operating partnership in accordance with their relative percentage interests such that a holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership will be allocated taxable income for each taxable year in an amount equal to the amount of taxable income to be recognized by a holder of one of our shares, subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code and corresponding Treasury Regulations. The special limited partners will receive a special allocation of income in each taxable year in an amount equal to the distribution made in such year on the special limited partner interests. Losses, if any, will generally be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the operating partnership.
Upon the liquidation of the operating partnership, after payment of debts and obligations, any remaining assets of the operating partnership will be distributed to partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.
In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the operating partnership in acquiring and holding our assets, the operating partnership will pay all of our administrative costs and expenses and such expenses will be treated as expenses of the operating partnership. Such expenses will include:
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Subject to certain limitations and exceptions, the limited partners of the operating partnership, other than our subsidiaries, will have the right to cause the operating partnership to redeem their limited partnership units for cash equal to the market value of an equivalent number of our shares, or, at our option, we may purchase their limited partnership units by issuing one of our shares for each limited partnership unit redeemed. The market value of the limited partnership units for this purpose will be equal to the average of the closing trading price of a share of our common stock on the NYSE for the ten trading days before the day on which the redemption notice was given to the operating partnership of exercise of the redemption rights. These redemption rights may not be exercised, however, if and to the extent that the delivery of shares upon such exercise would (1) result in any person owning shares in excess of our ownership limits, (2) result in shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons, (3) result in us being "closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code, (4) cause us to own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code, (5) otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT or (6) cause the acquisition of shares by a redeemed limited partner to be "integrated" with any other distribution of our shares for purposes of complying with the Securities Act.
The special limited partner interest is subject to mandatory redemption if the management agreement is terminated. The redemption amount shall be equal to two times the higher of aggregate distributions on the special limited partner interests in each of the last two calendar years prior to redemption; unless we become self-managed, in which case the redemption amount shall be reduced by 50%. If the management agreement is terminated for cause, the aggregate redemption amount shall be $100.
We will not be able to (1) voluntarily withdraw as the general partner of the operating partnership, or (2) transfer our general partnership interest in the operating partnership (except to a wholly-owned subsidiary), unless the transaction in which such withdrawal or transfer occurs results in the limited partners receiving or having the right to receive an amount of cash, securities or other property equal in value to the amount they would have received if they had exercised their redemption rights immediately prior to such transaction. With certain exceptions, the limited partners will not be able to transfer their interests in the operating partnership, in whole or in part, without our written consent as the general partner of the partnership.
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MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following discussion summarizes material federal income tax considerations regarding our qualification and taxation as a REIT and material federal income tax considerations resulting from the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock. The following discussion is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations. This summary neither gives a detailed discussion of any state, local or foreign tax considerations nor discusses all of the aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to a holder of our common stock in light of the stockholder's particular circumstances or, except to the extent discussed under the headings "Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders," and "Taxation of Non-United States Stockholders" below, to particular types of stockholders which are subject to special tax rules, including, among others, expatriates, partnerships, grantor trusts, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, financial institutions or broker-dealers, persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States, stockholders that hold our stock as a hedge, part of a straddle, conversion transaction or other arrangement involving more than one position, or stockholders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar. This discussion assumes that you will hold our common stock as a "capital asset," generally property held for investment under the Internal Revenue Code.
The information in this summary is based on the Internal Revenue Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code, the legislative history of the Internal Revenue Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS and court decisions, all as of the date of this prospectus. The administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS upon which this summary is based include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings which are not binding on the IRS, except with respect to the taxpayers who requested and received such rulings. No assurance can be given that future legislation, Treasury regulation, administrative interpretations and practices and court decisions will not significantly change current law, or adversely affect existing interpretations of existing law, on which the information in this summary is based. Even if there is no change in applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following summary will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged, and we will not seek a ruling with respect to any part of the information discussed in this summary. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Internal Revenue Code provisions, Treasury regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations of the Code.
YOU ARE ADVISED TO CONSULT WITH YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF YOUR PERSONAL TAX SITUATION ON THE ANTICIPATED TAX CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK. THIS INCLUDES THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR COMMON STOCK AND THE POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
General
We intend to make an election to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2004. We intend to, and believe that we will be organized and operate in a manner so as to, qualify as a REIT. However, no assurance can be given that we will in fact qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. In connection with this offering, we will receive the opinion of our legal counsel, Clifford Chance US LLP, that commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2004, we will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, and our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion is not binding on the IRS or any court. In addition, the opinion of our counsel is based on various assumptions and is conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including factual representations concerning our business and assets as set forth in this prospectus, and assumes that the actions described in this
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prospectus are completed in a timely fashion. Our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend on our ability to meet, through actual annual operating results, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and the various other qualification tests imposed under the Internal Revenue Code discussed below, the results of which will not be reviewed by Clifford Chance US LLP. No assurance can be given that our actual results for any particular taxable year will satisfy these requirements. See "Failure to Qualify as a REIT." In addition, qualification as a REIT depends on future transactions and events that cannot be known at this time.
So long as we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will be permitted a deduction for dividends we currently distribute to our stockholders. As a result, we generally will not be required to pay federal income taxes on our net income that is currently distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" that ordinarily results from investment in a corporation.
Double taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level when this income is distributed. Even as a REIT, however, we will be required to pay U.S. federal tax, as follows:
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on the date on which we acquired the asset, then we will be required to pay tax at the highest regular corporate tax rate on this gain to the extent of the lesser of (i) the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition or (ii) the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired it. The results described in this paragraph with respect to the recognition of gain will apply unless an election under Treasury regulation Section 1.337(d)-7(c) is made to cause the C corporation to recognize all of the gain inherent in the property at the time of acquisition of the asset.
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT
The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
The Internal Revenue Code provides that all of the first four conditions stated above must be met during the entire taxable year and that the fifth condition must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. The fifth and sixth conditions do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT.
Our stock must be beneficially held by at least 100 persons, the "100 stockholder rule," and no more than 50% of the value of our stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of the taxable year, the "5/50 rule." In determining whether five or fewer individuals hold our shares, certain attribution rules of the Internal Revenue Code apply. For purposes of the 5/50 rule, pension trusts and other specific tax-exempt entities generally are treated as individuals, except that certain tax-qualified pension funds are not considered individuals and beneficiaries of such trusts are treated as holding shares of a REIT in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of the 5/50 rule. Our charter provides for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of our stock. These restrictions are intended to assist us in satisfying the 100
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stockholder rule and the 5/50 rule. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the stock ownership rules. If we fail to satisfy any of these stock ownership rules, our status as a REIT may terminate. If, however, we complied with the rules contained in the applicable Treasury regulations that require a REIT to determine the actual ownership of its stock, as discussed below, and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement of the 5/50 rule, we would not be disqualified as a REIT.
To monitor our compliance with the stock ownership tests, we are required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our shares of stock. To do so, we are required to demand written statements each year from the record holders of certain percentages of our shares of stock in which the record holders are to disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons required to include our dividends in gross income). A list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand must be maintained as part of our records. A record holder who fails or refuses to comply with the demand must submit a statement with his tax return disclosing the actual ownership of the shares of stock and certain other information.
In addition, a corporation generally may not elect to become a REIT unless its taxable year is the calendar year. Our taxable year is the calendar year.
Effect of Subsidiary Entities
Partnership Interests. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, Treasury regulations provide that the REIT is deemed to own its proportionate share of the partnership's assets, and to earn its proportionate share of the partnership's income, for purposes of the asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs as described below. In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, our proportionate share, based upon our percentage capital interest, of the assets and items of income of partnerships in which we own an equity interest (including our operating partnership) are treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the REIT requirements described below. Consequently, to the extent that we directly or indirectly hold a preferred or other equity interest in a partnership, the partnership's assets and operations may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, even though we may have no control, or only limited influence, over the partnership. A summary of certain rules governing the federal income taxation of partnerships and their partners is provided below in "Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships."
Disregarded Subsidiaries. If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a "qualified REIT subsidiary," that subsidiary is disregarded for federal income tax purposes and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs as summarized below. A qualified REIT subsidiary is any corporation, other than a "taxable REIT subsidiary" as described below, that is wholly owned by a REIT, or by other disregarded subsidiaries, or by a combination of the two. Other entities that are wholly owned by a REIT, including single member limited liability companies, are also generally disregarded as separate entities for federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. In the event that a disregarded subsidiary ceases to be wholly owned by usfor example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary- the subsidiary's separate existence would no longer be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation
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other than a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary. See "Income Tests" and "Asset Tests."
Taxable Subsidiaries. A REIT, in general, may jointly elect with a subsidiary corporation, whether or not wholly owned, to treat the subsidiary corporation as a taxable REIT subsidiary (or a TRS). The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation, unlike a disregarded subsidiary as discussed above, is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, such an entity would generally be subject to corporate income tax on its taxable income. A REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or as receiving any income that the TRS earns. Rather, the stock issued by the TRS is an asset in the hands of the REIT, and the REIT recognizes as income the dividends, if any, that it receives from the TRS. This treatment can affect the income and asset test calculations that apply to the REIT, as described below. Because a REIT does not include the assets and income of its TRSs in determining compliance with the REIT requirements, such entities may be used by a REIT to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude it from doing directly or through disregarded subsidiaries or partnerships. To the extent that we may employ TRSs, the corporate income tax incurred by the TRSs may reduce the cash flow generated by us and our subsidiaries in the aggregate and, therefore, our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT's assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.
Certain restrictions are imposed on TRSs to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of federal income taxation. First, a TRS may not deduct net interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of the TRS's adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). Additionally, if a TRS pays interest, rent or another amount to an affiliated REIT that exceeds the amount that would be paid to an unrelated party in an arm's length transaction, an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess will be imposed.
Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income requirements annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT:
For purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, a REIT is deemed to have earned a proportionate share of the income earned by any partnership, or any limited liability company treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, in which it owns an interest, which share is determined by reference to its capital interest in such entity, and is deemed to have earned the income earned by any qualified REIT subsidiary.
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Interest Income
Interest earned by a REIT ordinarily does not qualify as income meeting the 75% or 95% gross income tests if the determination of all or some of the amount of interest depends in any way on the income or profits of any person. Interest will not be disqualified from meeting such tests, however, solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. To the extent that the terms of a loan provide for contingent interest that is based on the cash proceeds realized upon the sale of the property securing the loan (known as a "shared appreciation provision"), income attributable to the participation feature will be treated as gain from sale of the underlying property, which generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests, provided that the property is not inventory or dealer property in our hands or the hands of the borrower.
Any amount includible in our gross income with respect to a regular or residual interest in a REMIC generally is treated as interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of real estate assets (determined as if we held such assets), we will be treated as receiving directly our proportionate share of the income of the REMIC. In addition, if we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other property and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date we became committed to make or purchase the mortgage loan, a portion of the interest income, equal to (1) such highest principal amount minus such value, divided by (2) such highest principal amount, generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Interest income received with respect to non-REMIC pay-through bonds and pass-through debt instruments, such as collateralized mortgage obligations or CMOs, however, generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, since such loans generally are not considered secured by interests in real property. However, even if a loan is not secured by real property, or is undersecured, the interest income it generates may nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test.
Among the assets we expect to hold are mezzanine loans, which are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than a direct mortgage on the real property. The IRS recently issued Revenue Procedure 2003-65, which provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests (described below), and interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. Moreover, the mezzanine loans that we acquire may not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor. Hence, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the qualification of the interest generated by these loans under the 75% gross income test.
Dividends. We may receive (directly or indirectly) distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions will be classified as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any dividends we receive (directly or indirectly) from a REIT will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% gross income tests.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such taxable year if we are entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, we may avail ourselves of these relief provisions if:
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If we are entitled to avail ourselves of the relief provisions, we will maintain our qualification as a REIT but will be subject to certain penalty taxes as described above. We may not, however, be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. If these relief provisions do not apply to a particular set of circumstances, we will not qualify as a REIT.
Foreclosure Property
Net income realized by us from foreclosure property would generally be subject to tax at the maximum federal corporate tax rate (currently at 35%). Foreclosure property is real property and related personal property that is acquired through foreclosure following a default on a lease of such property or indebtedness secured by such property and for which an election is made to treat the property as foreclosure property.
Prohibited Transaction Income
Any gain realized by us on the sale of any asset other than foreclosure property, held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business will be prohibited transaction income and subject to a 100% excise tax. Prohibited transaction income may also adversely affect our ability to satisfy the gross income test for qualification as a REIT. Whether an asset is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on all facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. While the Internal Revenue Code provides a safe harbor which, if met, would not cause a sale of an asset to result in a prohibited transaction income, we may not be able to meet the requirements of such safe harbor in all circumstances.
The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the TRS at regular corporate income tax rates.
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must satisfy four tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets:
Qualified real estate assets include interests in mortgages on real property to the extent the principal balance of a mortgage does not exceed the fair market value of the associated real property, regular or residual interests in a REMIC (except that, if less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC
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consists of "real estate assets" (determined as if we held such assets), we will be treated as holding directly our proportionate share of the assets of such REMIC), and shares of other REITs. Non-REMIC CMOs, however, generally do not qualify as qualified real estate assets for this purpose.
Notwithstanding the general rule, as noted above, that for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests, a REIT is treated as owning its share of the underlying assets of a subsidiary partnership, if a REIT holds indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to and may cause a violation of the 10% value asset test, unless it is a mortgage loan secured by a qualifying real estate asset or satisfies the rules for "straight debt." "Straight debt" means a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or a specified date a sum certain in money if (i) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, (ii) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower's discretion, or similar factors and (iii) the issuer is either an individual or a partnership in which the REIT owns at least a 20% profit interest or the only securities of the issuer held by the REIT or its taxable REIT subsidiary are straight debt.
After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests because we acquire securities during a quarter, we can cure this failure by disposing of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter.
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Annual Distribution Requirements
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to the sum of:
For purposes of these distribution requirements, our REIT taxable income is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and net capital gain. In addition, for purposes of this test, the specified items of non-cash income include income attributable to leveled stepped rents, certain original issue discount, certain like-kind exchanges that are later determined to be taxable and income from cancellation of indebtedness.
Only distributions that qualify for the "dividends paid deduction" available to REITs under the Internal Revenue Code are counted in determining whether the distribution requirements are satisfied. We must make these distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if they are declared before we timely file our tax return for that year, paid on or before the first regular dividend payment following the declaration and we elect on our tax return to have a specified dollar amount of such distributions treated as if paid in the prior year. For these and other purposes, dividends declared by us in October, November or December of one taxable year and payable to a stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder during such taxable year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by us by January 31 of the following taxable year.
In addition, dividends distributed by us must not be preferential. If a dividend is preferential, it will not qualify for the dividends paid deduction. To avoid being preferential, every stockholder of the class of stock to which a distribution is made must be treated the same as every other stockholder of that class, and no class of stock may be treated other than according to its dividend rights as a class.
To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain, or we distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our REIT taxable income, we will be required to pay tax on this undistributed income at regular ordinary and capital gain corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during each calendar year (or, in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of the January immediately following such year) at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.
It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. Possible examples of those timing differences include the following:
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discount based on a constant yield method that takes into account projected prepayment but that defers taking into account credit losses until they are actually incurred.
Although several types of non-cash income are excluded in determining the annual distribution requirement, we may incur corporate income tax and the 4% excise tax with respect to those non-cash income items if we do not distribute those items on a current basis. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional common or preferred stock.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to our stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay to the IRS interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Taxable Mortgage Pools
An entity, or a portion of an entity, that does not elect to be treated as a REMIC may be classified as a taxable mortgage pool (or a TMP) under the Internal Revenue Code if (1) substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations, (2) more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or interests in real estate mortgages as of specified testing dates, (3) the entity has issued debt obligations (liabilities) that have two or more maturities and (4) the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations (liabilities) "bear a relationship" to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets. Under the Treasury regulations, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to comprise "substantially all" of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP. Financing arrangements entered into, directly or indirectly, by us could give rise to TMPs. Where an entity, or a portion of an entity, is classified as a TMP, it is generally treated as a taxable corporation for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT, a portion of a REIT or a disregarded subsidiary of a REIT that is a TMP, however, special rules apply. The TMP is not treated as a corporation that is subject to corporate income tax and the TMP classification does not directly affect the tax status of the REIT. Rather, the consequences of the TMP classification would, in general, except as described below, be limited to the stockholders of the REIT. A portion of the REIT's income from the TMP arrangement, which might
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be non-cash accrued income, could be treated as "excess inclusion income." See "Excess Inclusion Income."
If a subsidiary partnership or an interest in a securitization arrangement not wholly owned by us directly or through one or more disregarded entities were a TMP, or if a TMP were owned by our operating partnership, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the partnership or arrangement that is a TMP would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and would potentially be subject to corporate income tax. In addition, this characterization could adversely affect our compliance with the REIT income and asset test requirements. We intend to monitor the structure of any TMPs in which we have an interest with a view towards minimizing any risk that they will adversely affect our status as a REIT.
Excess Inclusion Income
If we acquire a residual interest in a REMIC, we may realize excess inclusion income. If we are deemed to have issued debt obligations having two or more maturities, the payments on which correspond to payments on mortgage loans owned by us, such arrangement will be treated as a TMP for federal income tax purposes, in which case, under Regulations to be issued by the Treasury Department, a portion of our REIT taxable income may be characterized as excess inclusion income and allocated to our stockholders. Any excess inclusion income:
The manner in which excess inclusion income would be allocated among shares of different classes of stock is not clear under current law. Tax-exempt investors, foreign investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax considerations described above and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
Hedging Transactions
We may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest rate swaps or cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements, or similar financial instruments. To the extent that we enter into hedging transactions to reduce our interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any income or gain from the disposition of hedging transactions should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions of the Internal Revenue Code do not apply, we will be required to pay federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income in that taxable year and all subsequent taxable years at regular corporate rates. Distributions to our stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our stockholders. As a result, our failure to qualify as a REIT would reduce the cash available for
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distribution to our stockholders. In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to our stockholders will be taxable as dividends from a C corporation to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, and United States stockholders (as defined below) may be taxable at preferential rates on such dividends, and corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends-received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we lose our qualification.
Tax Aspects of Investments in Partnerships
General. We may hold investments through entities that are classified as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. In general, partnerships are "pass-through" entities that are not subject to federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership and are subject to tax on these items without regard to whether the partners receive a distribution from the partnership. We will include in income our proportionate share of these partnership items for purposes of the various REIT income tests and in the computation of REIT taxable income. Consequently, to the extent that we hold a preferred or other equity interest in a partnership, the partnership's assets and operations may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT even though we may have no control, or only limited influence, over the partnership.
Entity Classification. Our investment in partnerships involves special tax considerations, including the possibility of a challenge by the IRS of the status of any of any subsidiary partnership as a partnership, as opposed to an association taxable as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes (for example, if the IRS were to assert that a subsidiary partnership is a TMP). See "Taxable Mortgage Pools" above. If any of these entities were treated as an association for federal income tax purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation and therefore could be subject to an entity-level tax on its income. In such a situation, the character of our assets and gross income would change and could preclude us from satisfying the REIT asset tests (particularly the tests generally preventing a REIT from owning more than 10% of the voting securities, or more than 10% of the securities by value, of a corporation) or the gross income tests and in turn could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT. See "Failure to Qualify as a REIT" above, for a discussion of the effect of our failure to meet these tests for a taxable year. In addition, any change in the status of any of our subsidiary partnerships for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we could have taxable income that is subject to the REIT distribution requirements without receiving any cash.
Tax Allocations with Respect to Partnership Properties. Under the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury regulations, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated for tax purposes in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution, and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a "book-tax difference"). Such allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners.
To the extent that any subsidiary partnership acquires appreciated (or depreciated) properties by way of capital contributions from its partners, allocations would need to be made in a manner consistent with these requirements. Where a partner contributes cash to a partnership at a time that the partnership holds appreciated (or depreciated) property, the Treasury regulations provide for a similar allocation of these items to the other (i.e., noncontributing) partners. These rules may apply to our contribution to any subsidiary partnerships of the cash proceeds received in offerings of its stock. As a result, we could be allocated greater or lesser amounts of depreciation and taxable income in
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respect of a partnership's properties than would be the case if all of the partnership's assets (including any contributed assets) had a tax basis equal to their fair market values at the time of any contributions to that partnership. This could cause us to recognize, over a period of time, taxable income in excess of cash flow from the partnership, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements discussed above.
Taxation of Taxable United States Stockholders
For purposes of the discussion in this prospectus, the term "United States stockholder" means a beneficial holder of our stock that is, for federal income tax purposes:
Distributions Generally
Distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, other than capital gain dividends, will be taxable to United States stockholders as ordinary income. Such REIT dividends generally are ineligible for the new reduced tax rate (with a maximum of 15%) for corporate dividends received by individuals, trusts and estates in years 2003 through 2008. However, such rate will apply to the extent that we make distributions attributable to amounts, if any, we receive as dividends from non-REIT corporations (including our taxable REIT subsidiaries) or to the extent that we make distributions attributable to the sum of (i) the excess of our REIT taxable income for the preceding year over the tax paid on such income, and (ii) the excess of our income subject to the built-in gain tax over the tax payable by us on such income. Provided that we qualify as a REIT, dividends paid by us will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally available to United States stockholders that are corporations. To the extent that we make distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distributions will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to each United States stockholder, and will reduce the adjusted tax basis that each United States stockholder has in our stock by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Distributions in excess of a United States stockholder's adjusted tax basis in its stock will be taxable as capital gain, and will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the stock has been held for more than one year. The calculation of the amount of distributions that are applied against or exceed adjusted tax basis are made on a share-by-share basis. To the extent that we make distributions, if any, that are attributable to excess inclusion income, such amounts may not be offset by net operating losses of a United States stockholder. If we declare a dividend in October, November, or December of any calendar year which is payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in such a month and actually pay the dividend during January of the following calendar year, the dividend is deemed to be paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31st of the year preceding the year of payment. Stockholders may not include in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
If excess inclusion income from a REMIC residual interest or TMP is allocated to any of our stockholders, that income will be taxable in the hands of the stockholder and would not be offset by any net operating losses of the stockholder that would otherwise be available. See "Taxable Mortgage Pools" above.
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Capital Gain Distributions
Distributions designated by us as capital gain dividends will be taxable to United States stockholders as capital gain income. We can designate distributions as capital gain dividends to the extent of our net capital gain for the taxable year of the distribution. For tax years prior to 2009, this capital gain income will generally be taxable to non-corporate United States stockholders at a maximum of a 15% or 25% rate based on the characteristics of the asset we sold that produced the gain. United States stockholders that are corporations may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
Retention of Net Capital Gains
We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain dividend, our net capital gains. If we were to make this election, we would pay tax on such retained capital gains. In such a case, our stockholders would generally:
Passive Activity Losses, Investment Interest Limitations and Other Considerations of Holding Our Stock
Distributions we make, undistributed net capital gain includible in income and gains arising from the sale or exchange of our stock by a United States stockholder will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, United States stockholders will not be able to apply any "passive losses" against income or gains relating to our stock. Distributions by us, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, and undistributed net capital gain includible in our stockholders' income, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation under the Internal Revenue Code, provided the proper election is made.
If we, or a portion of our assets, were to be treated as a taxable mortgage pool, or if we were to acquire REMIC residual interests, our stockholders (other than certain thrift institutions) may not be permitted to offset certain portions of the dividend income they derive from our shares with their current deductions or net operating loss carryovers or carrybacks. The portion of a stockholder's dividends that will be subject to this limitation will equal the allocable share of our "excess inclusion income."
Dispositions of Stock
A United States stockholder that sells or disposes of our stock will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash or the fair market value of any property the stockholder receives on the sale or other disposition and the stockholder's adjusted tax basis in the stock. This gain or loss generally will be capital gain or loss and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the stockholder has held the stock for more than one year. However, any loss recognized by a United States stockholder upon the sale or other disposition of our stock that the stockholder has held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent the stockholder received distributions from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains. For tax years prior to 2009, capital gain of an individual United States stockholder is generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% where the property is held for more than one year. The deductibility of capital loss is limited.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
We report to our United States stockholders and the IRS the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, along with the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid and redemption proceeds unless the holder is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or provides a taxpayer identification number or social security number, certifying as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A United States stockholder that does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number or social security number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. A United States stockholder can meet this requirement by providing us with a correct, properly completed and executed copy of IRS Form W-9 or a substantially similar form. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder's income tax liability, if any, and otherwise be refundable, provided the proper forms are filed on a timely basis. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions made to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
The IRS has ruled that amounts distributed as a dividend by a REIT will be treated as a dividend by the recipient and excluded from the calculation of unrelated business taxable income when received by a tax-exempt entity. Based on that ruling, provided that a tax-exempt stockholder has not held our stock as "debt financed property" within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code, i.e., property the acquisition or holding of which is or is treated as financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt United States stockholder, the stock is not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business, and we do not hold an asset that gives rise to excess inclusion income, as defined in Section 860E of the Internal Revenue Code, dividend income on our stock and income from the sale of our stock should not be unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt stockholder. However, if we were to hold residual interests in a REMIC, or if we or a pool of our assets were to be treated as a TMP, a portion of the dividends paid to a tax-exempt stockholder may be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income. See "Excess Inclusion Income" above.
For tax-exempt stockholders that are social clubs, voluntary employees' beneficiary associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, income from an investment in our stock will constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our stock. Any prospective investors should consult their tax advisors concerning these "set aside" and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above, however, a substantial portion of the dividends received with respect to our stock may constitute unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI, if we are treated as a "pension-held REIT" and you are a pension trust which:
Tax-exempt pension funds that are described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and exempt from tax under Section 501 (a) of the Internal Revenue Code are referred to below as "qualified trusts."
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A REIT is a "pension-held REIT" if:
The percentage of any REIT dividends treated as unrelated business taxable income under these rules is equal to the ratio of:
A de minimis exception applies where this percentage is less than 5% for any year. As a result of the limitations on the transfer and ownership of stock contained in our charter, we do not expect to be classified as a pension-held REIT.
Taxation of Non-United States Stockholders
The rules governing federal income taxation of non-United States stockholders are complex and no attempt will be made herein to provide more than a summary of these rules. "Non-United States stockholders" means beneficial owners of shares of our stock that are not United States stockholders (as such term is defined in the discussion above under the heading entitled "Taxation of Taxable United States Stockholders").
PROSPECTIVE NON-U.S. STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN, FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL INCOME TAX LAWS WITH REGARD TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR STOCK AND OF OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST, INCLUDING ANY REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
Distributions to non-United States stockholders that are not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests and that are not designated by us as capital gain dividends or retained capital gains will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. These distributions will generally be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. However, if income from an investment in our stock is treated as effectively connected with the non-United States stockholder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the non-United States stockholder), the non-United States stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax at graduated rates in the same manner as United States stockholders are taxed with respect to those distributions, and also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-United States stockholder that is a corporation, unless a treaty reduces or eliminates these taxes. We expect to withhold tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distributions made to a non-United States stockholder unless:
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Any portion of the dividends paid to non-United States stockholders that are treated as excess inclusion income will not be eligible for exemption from the 30% withholding tax or a reduced treaty rate.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits that are not treated as attributable to the gain from our disposition of a U.S. real property interest will not be taxable to non-United States stockholders to the extent that these distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder's stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of that stock. To the extent that distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits exceed the adjusted basis of a non-United States stockholder's stock, these distributions will give rise to tax liability if the non-United States stockholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of its stock, as described below. Because it generally cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether or not such distribution may be in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the entire amount of any distribution normally will be subject to withholding at the same rate as a dividend. However, amounts so withheld are creditable against U.S. tax liability, if any, or refundable by the IRS to the extent the distribution is subsequently determined to be in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the proper forms are filed with the IRS by the non-United States stockholder on a timely basis. We are also required to withhold 10% of any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if our stock is a U.S. real property interest. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30% may be subject to withholding at a rate of 10% if our stock was considered to be a U.S. real property interest.
Distributions attributable to our capital gains which are not attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest generally will not be subject to income taxation, unless (1) investment in our stock is effectively connected with the non-United States stockholder's U.S. trade or business (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the non-United States stockholder), in which case the non-United States stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as United States stockholders with respect to such gain (and a corporate non-United States stockholder may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax), or (2) the non-United States stockholder is a non-resident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are satisfied, in which case the non-resident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital gains.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, distributions that are attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest, which includes some interests in real property, but generally does not include an interest solely as a creditor in mortgage loans or mortgage-backed securities, will be taxed to a non-United States stockholder under the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act, or FIRPTA. Under FIRPTA, distributions attributable to gain from sales of U.S. real property interests are taxed to a non-United States stockholder as if that gain were effectively connected with the stockholder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business. Non-United States stockholders thus would be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to United States stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Distributions subject to FIRPTA also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a non-U.S. corporate stockholder. We are required to withhold 35% of any distribution paid to a non-United States stockholder that we designate (or, if greater, the amount that we could designate) as a capital gains dividend even if such distributions are not from the sale by us of U.S. real property interests, and therefore not subject to tax under FIRPTA. The amount withheld is creditable against the non-United States stockholder's FIRPTA tax liability, and to the
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extent it exceeds such non-United States stockholder's tax liability will be refundable provided the proper forms are filed on a timely basis.
Gains recognized by a non-United States stockholder upon a sale of our stock generally will not be taxed under FIRPTA if we are a domestically controlled REIT, which is a REIT in which at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of the stock was held directly or indirectly by non-United States stockholders. Because our stock is widely held, we cannot assure our investors that we are or will remain a domestically controlled REIT. Even if we do not qualify as a domestically controlled REIT, an alternative exemption to tax under FIRPTA might be available if we are not (and have not been for the five year period prior to the sale) a U.S. real property holding corporation (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code and applicable Treasury regulations to generally include a corporation, 50% or more of the assets of which consist of U.S. real property interests).
If gain from the sale of the stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-United States stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as United States stockholders with respect to that gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax, a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals, and the possible application of the 30% branch profits tax in the case of non-U.S. corporations. In addition, the purchaser of the stock could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS.
Gains not subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a non-United States stockholder if the non-United States stockholder's investment in the stock is effectively connected with a trade or business in the U.S. (or, if an income tax treaty applies, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the non-United States stockholder), in which case the non-United States stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as United States stockholders with respect to that gain; or the non-United States stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and other conditions are met, in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital gains.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding for Non-United States Stockholders
If the proceeds of a disposition of our stock are paid by or through a U.S. office of a broker-dealer, the payment is generally subject to information reporting and to backup withholding unless the disposing non-United States stockholder certifies as to his name, address and non-U.S. status or otherwise establishes an exemption. Generally, U.S. information reporting and backup withholding will not apply to a payment of disposition proceeds if the payment is made outside the U.S. through a foreign office of a foreign broker-dealer. If the proceeds from a disposition of our stock are paid to or through a foreign office of a U.S. broker-dealer or a non-U.S. office of a foreign broker-dealer that is (i) a "controlled foreign corporation" for federal income tax purposes, (ii) a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for a three-year period was effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, (iii) a foreign partnership with one or more partners who are U.S. persons and who in the aggregate hold more than 50% of the income or capital interest in the partnership, or (iv) a foreign partnership engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the U.S., then (i) backup withholding will not apply unless the broker-dealer has actual knowledge that the owner is not a foreign stockholder, and (ii) information reporting will not apply if the non-United States stockholder satisfies certification requirements regarding its status as a foreign stockholder. Other information reporting rules apply to non-United States stockholders, and prospective non-United States stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding these requirements.
Possible Legislative or Other Action Affecting Tax Considerations
You should recognize that the present federal income tax treatment of an investment in us may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time and that any such action may affect
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investments and commitments previously made. The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department, resulting in revisions of regulations and revised interpretations of established concepts as well as statutory changes. Revisions in federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could affect the tax considerations of an investment in us.
State, Local and Foreign Taxation
We may be required to pay state, local and foreign taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or make investments, and our stockholders may be required to pay state, local and foreign taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions, including those in which they reside. Our state, local and foreign tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax considerations summarized above. In addition, a stockholder's state, local and foreign tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax considerations summarized above. Consequently, prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of state, local and foreign tax laws on an investment in our stock.
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ERISA AND CERTAIN OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
A fiduciary of a pension, profit sharing, retirement or other employee benefit plan (or a Plan) subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (or ERISA), should consider the fiduciary standards under ERISA in the context of the Plan's particular circumstances before authorizing an investment of a portion of such Plan's assets in the shares of common stock. Accordingly, such fiduciary should consider (i) whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA, (ii) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan as required by Section 404(a)(1)(D) of ERISA, and (iii) whether the investment is prudent under ERISA. In addition to the imposition of general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification, ERISA, and the corresponding provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, prohibit a wide range of transactions involving the assets of the Plan and persons who have certain specified relationships to the Plan ("parties in interest" within the meaning of ERISA, "disqualified persons" within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code). Thus, a Plan fiduciary considering an investment in the shares of common stock also should consider whether the acquisition or the continued holding of the shares of common stock might constitute or give rise to a direct or indirect prohibited transaction.
The Department of Labor (or the DOL) has issued final regulations (or the DOL Regulations) as to what constitutes assets of an employee benefit plan under ERISA. Under the DOL Regulations, if a Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity, which interest is neither a "publicly offered security" nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, the Plan's assets would include, for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility provision of ERISA, both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the entity's underlying assets unless certain specified exceptions apply. The DOL Regulations define a publicly offered security as a security that is "widely held," "freely transferable," and either part of a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act, or sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (provided the securities are registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the public offering occurred). The shares of common stock are being sold in an offering registered under the Securities Act and will be registered under the Exchange Act.
The DOL Regulations provide that a security is "widely held" only if it is part of a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and of one another. A security will not fail to be "widely held" because the number of independent investors falls below 100 subsequent to the initial public offering as a result of events beyond the issuer's control. The company expects the common stock to be "widely held" upon completion of the initial public offering.
The DOL Regulations provide that whether a security is "freely transferable" is a factual question to be determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances. The DOL Regulations further provide that when a security is part of an offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less, as is the case with the offering, certain restrictions ordinarily will not, alone or in combination, affect the finding that such securities are "freely transferable." The company believes that the restrictions imposed under its articles of incorporation on the transfer of the common stock are limited to the restrictions on transfer generally permitted under the DOL Regulations and are not likely to result in the failure of the common stock to be "freely transferable." The DOL Regulations only establish a presumption in favor of the finding of free transferability, and, therefore, no assurance can be given that the DOL will not reach a contrary conclusion.
Assuming that the common stock will be "widely held" and "freely transferable," the company believes that the common stock will be publicly offered securities for purposes of the DOL Regulations and that the assets of the company will not be deemed to be "plan assets" of any Plan that invests in the common stock.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
As of April 12, 2004, we had one stockholder. Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding
shares of common stock. We will also
have shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of options to purchase common stock issued in connection with this offering.
Of these shares, the shares sold in this offering will be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, except for any shares held by our "affiliates," as that term is defined by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The remaining shares and any shares purchased by affiliates in this offering will be "restricted shares" as defined in Rule 144 or control shares that would typically be sold pursuant to the Rule 144 safe harbor.
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after this offering, a person who owns shares that were purchased from us or any affiliate of ours at least one year previously, including a person who may be deemed an affiliate, is entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.
Any person who is not deemed to have been our affiliate at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, and who owns shares within the definition of "restricted securities" under Rule 144 that were purchased from us or any of our affiliates at least two years previously, would be entitled to sell those shares under Rule 144(k) without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, public information requirements or notice requirements.
Sales of Restricted Shares
We expect that, beginning one year after the issuance of common stock to SL Green in the formation transaction, 500,000 shares of common stock will become eligible for sale under Rule 144, subject to the volume and other resale restrictions of that rule. In addition, shares that we issued to certain of our current and former employees in connection with this initial public offering will become eligible for sale under Rule 144, subject to its restrictions, one year after closing of this offering.
Lock-Up Agreements
We have agreed not to offer, sell or otherwise dispose of any common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock or any rights to acquire common stock for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, subject to specific limited exceptions. See "Underwriting."
SL Green and each of our executive officers, our directors and the persons who will become our directors upon completion of this offering have agreed under written "lock-up" agreements not to sell any common stock for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC. See "Underwriting."
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Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Wachovia Corporation, is acting as representative of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, the underwriters named below have agreed to purchase from us the respective number of shares of common stock appearing opposite the underwriter's name below.
Underwriters |
Number of Shares |
|
---|---|---|
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC |
The underwriters have agreed to purchase all of the shares of common stock shown in the above table if any of the shares of common stock are purchased. If an underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the underwriting agreement may be terminated.
The shares of common stock are offered by the underwriters, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by counsel for the underwriters and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officers' certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify the offer and to reject orders in whole or in part.
The underwriters have advised us that they do not intend to confirm sales to any account over which they exercise discretionary authority.
The underwriters have advised us that they propose to offer the shares of common stock to the public at a public offering price falling within the range listed on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession of not more than $ per share, of which $ may be reallowed to other dealers. If all of the shares of common stock are not sold at the initial public offering price, the public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be changed.
The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us, both on a per share basis and in total, assuming either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option.
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|
Total |
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|
Per Share |
Without Option |
With Option |
|||
Public Offering Price | ||||||
Underwriting Discount(1) | ||||||
Proceeds to Gramercy Capital Corp. |
We estimate that the expenses of this offering payable by us, not including the underwriting discount, will be approximately $ million.
We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable during the 30-day period after the date of this prospectus, to purchase a total of additional shares of common stock from us at the public offering price per share less the underwriting discount per share shown on the cover page of this prospectus. To the extent that the underwriters exercise this option, each of the underwriters will have a firm commitment, subject to conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentage of the
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additional shares that the number of shares of common stock to be purchased by that underwriter as shown in the above table represents as a percentage of the total number of shares shown in that table.
The underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to 3.75% of the shares of common stock for our directors and officers and the directors, officers and employees of our Manager and their families and other persons associated with us who express an interest in purchasing these shares of common stock in this offering. The number of shares available for sale to the general public in the offering will be reduced to the extent that these persons purchase or are granted reserved shares. These persons must commit to purchase the shares no later than the close of business on the day following the date of this prospectus and must open an account at Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC if they do not already have an account. Any reserved shares not purchased by these persons will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the other shares offered in this offering.
All sales of shares pursuant to the directed share program will be made at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against specified liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation M under the Exchange Act, certain persons participating in this offering may engage in transactions, including stabilizing bids, syndicate covering transactions, the imposition of penalty bids, which may have the effect of stabilizing or maintaining the market price of our common stock at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market.
The underwriters have advised us that these transactions may be effected on the NYSE or otherwise. Neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation that the underwriters will engage in any of the transactions described above and these transactions, if commenced, may be discontinued without notice. Neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of the effect that the transactions described above, if commenced, may have on the market price of our common stock.
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Prior to this offering, there is no public market for our common stock. Consequently, the initial public offering price for the shares of our common stock will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters. The factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price include:
An active trading market for our common stock may not develop. It is possible that the market price of our common stock after this offering may be less than the initial public offering price. In addition, the estimated initial public offering price range appearing on the cover of this preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result of market conditions or other factors.
New York Stock Exchange Listing
We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GKK." In order to meet the requirements for listing on the NYSE, the underwriters will undertake that the shares of common stock will be sold to ensure that NYSE distribution standards are met.
Our directors and officers and SL Green will agree, with limited exceptions, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, that they will not, without the prior written consent of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common or our other capital stock, except that those directors, officers and stockholders will be permitted to transfer any of these securities by gift, will or intestate succession (so long as any recipient of those securities enters into a similar lock-up agreement) and the stockholders will be permitted to distribute securities to affiliated entities (so long as any recipient of those securities enters into a similar lock-up agreement).
In addition, we have agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, we will not, without the prior written consent of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or other capital stock or any securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, shares of our common stock or other capital stock, except for:
Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC may, in its sole discretion and ant any time or from time to time, without notice, release all or any portion of the shares of common stock subject to the lock-up agreements listed above.
97
In the ordinary course of business, Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC and its affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, commercial banking and investment banking transactions with us and our affiliates, including SL Green, for which they have received, and will receive, customary fees and commissions.
Wachovia Bank, N.A., an affiliate of Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC, is the syndication agent and co-lead arranger on SL Green's $28.3 million secured revolver and also provides a $30.0 million corporate unsecured revolver.
Electronic Prospectus Delivery
In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute this prospectus electronically.
98
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Clifford Chance US LLP, New York, New York. Hunton & Williams LLP will act as counsel to the underwriters.
Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, have audited our financial statement at April 12, 2004, as set forth in their report. We have included our financial statement in this prospectus and elsewhere in this registration statement. Our financial statement is in reliance on Ernst & Young LLP's report, given on their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, on Form S-11, including exhibits and schedules, under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and the shares to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract is an exhibit you should refer to the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the SEC, 450 Fifth Street, N.W. Room 1024, Washington, D.C. 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room at the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you for free on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and will file periodic reports and proxy statements. We will also make available to our stockholders annual reports containing audited financial information for each year and quarterly reports for the first three quarters of each fiscal year containing unaudited interim financial information.
99
GRAMERCY CAPITAL CORP.
Report of Independent Auditors | F-2 | |
Balance Sheet as of April 12, 2004 |
F-3 |
|
Notes to Balance Sheet |
F-4 |
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS
To the Board of Directors of Gramercy Capital Corp.:
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Gramercy Capital Corp. as of April 12, 2004. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statement referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Gramercy Capital Corp. as of April 12, 2004, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG, LLP
New
York, New York
April 16, 2004
F-2
GRAMERCY CAPITAL CORP.
BALANCE SHEET
APRIL 12, 2004
Assets: | ||||
Cash | $ | 200,000 | ||
Total assets | $ | 200,000 | ||
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity: |
||||
Commitments and contingencies | | |||
Stockholders equity: | ||||
Preferred stock, par value $0.001, 25,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding | $ | | ||
Common stock, par value $0.001, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 500,000 shares issued and outstanding | 500 | |||
Additional paid in capital | 199,500 | |||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 200,000 | ||
See accompanying notes.
F-3
GRAMERCY CAPITAL CORP.
NOTES TO BALANCE SHEET
APRIL 12, 2004
1. ORGANIZATION
Gramercy Capital Corp. (the "Company") was organized in Maryland on April 1, 2004. Under the Articles of Incorporation, the Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The Company has had no operations since its formation.
2. FORMATION OF THE COMPANY/INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
The Company intends to conduct an initial public offering of common stock. The Company will contribute the proceeds of the offering in exchange for units of limited partnership interest in Gramercy Capital OP LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the "Operating Partnership"). The Company, as the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, will have responsibility and discretion in the management and control of the Operating Partnership, and the limited partners of the Operating Partnership, in such capacity, will have no authority to transact business for, or participate in the management activities of, the Operating Partnership. Accordingly, the Company will account for the Operating Partnership using the consolidation method.
Cash contributed to the Operating Partnership by the Company will be used primarily to acquire real estate loans and securities. The Company will be subject to the risks involved with commercial real estate finance. These include, among others, the risks normally associated with changes in the general economic climate, creditworthiness of borrowers, competition for borrowers, changes in tax laws, interest rate levels, and the availability of financing. The Company intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2004. In order to maintain its tax status as a REIT, the Company plans to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income.
F-4
(Gramercy Capital Logo)
Shares
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS , 2004 |
||||
Wachovia Securities
Until , 2004 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery is in addition to the dealer's obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 31. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses expected to be incurred in connection with the sale and distribution of the securities being registered, all of which are being borne by the registrant.
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee | $ | 25,340 | ||
NASD filing fee |
[*] |
|||
NYSE listing fee |
[*] |
|||
Printing and engraving fees |
[*] |
|||
Legal fees and expenses |
[*] |
|||
Accounting fees and expenses |
[*] |
|||
Blue Sky fees and expenses |
[*] |
|||
Transfer Agent and Registrar fees |
[*] |
|||
Federal and state taxes |
[*] |
|||
Miscellaneous expenses |
[*] |
|||
Total |
$ |
[*] |
||
Item 32. Sales to Special Parties.
See Item 33.
Item 33. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
On April 12, 2004, in connection with our incorporation, SLG Founders LLC, a subsidiary of SL Green, purchased 500,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share for $200,000 cash. Such issuance was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.
Item 34. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Our charter contains a provision that, to the maximum extent permitted under the Maryland General Corporation Law, requires us to indemnify our directors and officers and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding if such director or officer is made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. These rights are contract rights fully enforceable by each beneficiary of those rights and are in addition to, and not exclusive of, any other right to indemnification. We also have separate indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers that require us to indemnify such persons to the fullest extent permitted by law and generally provide the same scope of indemnification provided by the Maryland General Corporation Law. Our officers and directors are indemnified against specified liabilities by the
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underwriters, and the underwriters are indemnified against certain liabilities by us, under the underwriting agreement relating to the offering. See "Underwriting."
Item 35. Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being Registered.
None.
Item 36. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(A) Financial Statements. See page F-1 for an index to the financial statements included in the registration statement.
(B) Exhibits. The following is a complete list of exhibits filed as part of the registration statement, which are incorporated herein:
Exhibit |
|
|
---|---|---|
*1.1 | Form of Underwriting Agreement by and among Gramercy Capital Corp. and the underwriters named therein | |
*3.1 |
Articles of Incorporation of Gramercy Capital Corp. |
|
*3.2 |
Bylaws of Gramercy Capital Corp. |
|
*5.1 |
Opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP with respect to the legality of the shares being registered |
|
*8.1 |
Opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP with respect to tax matters |
|
*10.1 |
Management Agreement by and among Gramercy Capital Corp. and Gramercy Capital Manager LLC, dated , 2004 |
|
*10.2 |
Origination Agreement by and among Gramercy Capital Corp. and SL Green Realty Corp., dated , 2004 |
|
*10.3 |
2004 Stock Incentive Plan |
|
23.1 |
Consent of Ernst & Young, LLP |
|
*23.2 |
Consent of Clifford Chance US LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) |
|
24.1 |
Power of Attorney (included on the Signature Page) |
|
99.1 |
Consent of Allan J. Baum to be named as an Independent Director |
|
99.2 |
Consent of Paul J. Konigsberg to be named as an Independent Director |
Item 37. Undertakings.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers or controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification
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against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(c) The undersigned Registrant hereby further undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance under Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4), or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in New York, New York, on the 20th day of April 2004.
GRAMERCY CAPITAL CORP. | ||||
By: |
/s/ GREGORY F. HUGHES Name: Gregory F. Hughes Title: Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
/s/ MARC HOLLIDAY Marc Holliday |
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | April 20, 2004 | ||
/s/ GREGORY F. HUGHES Gregory F. Hughes |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
April 20, 2004 |
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Marc Holliday and Gregory F. Hughes such person's true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for such person and in such person's name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement (or to any other registration statement for the same offering that is to be effective upon filing pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that any said attorney-in-fact and agent, or any substitute or substitutes of any of them, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated.
Name |
Title |
Date |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
/s/ STEPHEN L. GREEN Stephen L. Green |
Chairman of the Board of Directors | April 20, 2004 | ||
/s/ MARC HOLLIDAY Marc Holliday |
Chief Executive Officer, President and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
April 20, 2004 |
||
/s/ HUGH HALL Hugh Hall |
Chief Operating Officer and Director (Principal Accounting Officer) |
April 20, 2004 |
||
/s/ ANDREW MATHIAS Andrew Mathias |
Chief Investment Officer |
April 20, 2004 |
||
/s/ GREGORY F. HUGHES Gregory F. Hughes |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
April 20, 2004 |
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Exhibit |
|
|
---|---|---|
*1.1 | Form of Underwriting Agreement by and among Gramercy Capital Corp. and the underwriters named therein | |
*3.1 |
Articles of Incorporation of Gramercy Capital Corp. |
|
*3.2 |
Bylaws of Gramercy Capital Corp. |
|
*5.1 |
Opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP with respect to the legality of the shares being registered |
|
*8.1 |
Opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP with respect to tax matters |
|
*10.1 |
Management Agreement by and among Gramercy Capital Corp. and Gramercy Capital Manager LLC, dated , 2004 |
|
*10.2 |
Origination Agreement by and among Gramercy Capital Corp. and SL Green Realty Corp., dated , 2004 |
|
*10.3 |
2004 Stock Incentive Plan |
|
23.1 |
Consent of Ernst & Young, LLP |
|
*23.2 |
Consent of Clifford Chance US LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) |
|
24.1 |
Power of Attorney (included on the Signature Page) |
|
99.1 |
Consent of Allan J. Baum to be named as an Independent Director |
|
99.2 |
Consent of Paul J. Konigsberg to be named as an Independent Director |
II-6
EXHIBIT 23.1
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report, dated April 16, 2004, in the Registration Statement on Form S-11, filed on April 21, 2004 and related Prospectus of Gramercy Capital Corp. for the registration of $200,000,000 of its common stock.
/S/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP New York, New York April 20, 2004 |
Exhibit 99.1
CONSENT OF ALLAN J. BAUM TO BE NAMED AS AN INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
I consent to the use of my name as an Independent Director in the section "Management" in the Registration Statement to be filed by Gramercy Capital Corp. on Form S-11 and all amendments and post-effective amendments or supplements thereto, including the Prospectus contained therein.
/s/ ALLAN J. BAUM ALLAN J. BAUM |
Dated: April 20, 2004
Exhibit 99.2
CONSENT OF PAUL J. KONIGSBERG TO BE NAMED AS AN INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR
I consent to the use of my name as an Independent Director in the section "Management" in the Registration Statement to be filed by Gramercy Capital Corp. on Form S-11 and all amendments and post-effective amendments or supplements thereto, including the Prospectus contained therein.
/s/ PAUL J. KONIGSBERG PAUL J. KONIGSBERG |
Dated: April 20, 2004