Press Release Details
SL Green Realty Corp. Reports Third Quarter 2017 EPS of $0.40 Per Share; and FFO of $1.49 Per Share
Financial and Operating Highlights
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Net income attributable to common stockholders of
$0.40 per share for the third quarter as compared to$0.34 per share for the same period in 2016. -
FFO of
$1.49 per share for the third quarter compared to$1.63 per share for the same period in 2016. FFO for the third quarter of 2016 included$21.5 million , or$0.20 per share, of net non-recurring income. - Same-store cash NOI, including our share of same-store cash NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures, increased 1.3% for the first nine months of 2017, or 1.9%, excluding lease termination income, as compared to the same period in the prior year.
-
Signed long-term leases with
DZ Bank andDVB Bank atOne Vanderbilt Avenue for a total of 35,382 square feet. The 15-year leases cover the entire 26th floor of the 58-story skyscraper currently being constructed next toGrand Central Terminal . -
Signed 56 Manhattan office leases covering 489,160 square feet in the third quarter and 145 Manhattan office leases covering 1,149,904 square feet in the first nine months of 2017. The mark-to-market on signed
Manhattan office leases was 4.0% higher for the third quarter and 11.0% higher for the first nine months over the previously fully escalated rents on the same spaces. - Signed 20 Suburban office leases covering 120,034 square feet in the third quarter and 67 Suburban office leases covering 425,872 square feet in the first nine months of 2017. The mark-to-market on signed Suburban office leases was 3.7% lower for the third quarter and 2.5% higher for the first nine months over the previously fully escalated rents on the same spaces.
-
Manhattan same-store occupancy, inclusive of leases signed but not yet commenced, increased by 40 basis points to 95.3% as ofSeptember 30, 2017 . Suburban same-store occupancy, inclusive of leases signed but not yet commenced, increased by 130 basis points to 86.8% as ofSeptember 30, 2017 .
Investing Highlights
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During the third quarter, the Company repurchased 1.0 million shares of common stock under the previously announced
$1.0 billion share repurchase plan, at an average price of$101.67 per share. The Company has now acquired 3.4 million shares of its common stock under the plan at an average price of$102.92 per share. -
In October, the Company and private investment manager
RXR Realty closed on the acquisition of a combined 48.7% interest inWorldwide Plaza based on a gross asset valuation of$1.725 billion . The acquisition allows the Company to expand its footprint onManhattan's West Side through investing in a Class A asset that is fully leased to institutional tenants. -
In October, closed on the sale of
16 Court Street inBrooklyn, New York for a gross sale price of$171.0 million . The Company recognized net proceeds of$166.5 million . -
In September, closed on the sale of its remaining 10% interest in
102 Greene Street , a 9,200 square-foot retail property in SoHo, at a gross asset valuation of$43.5 million , or$4,728 per square foot. The Company recognized net proceeds of$4.3 million and a gain on sale of$0.3 million . -
Originated new debt and preferred equity investments totaling
$63.4 million in the third quarter, all of which was retained at a yield of 9.2%. The carrying value of the Company's debt and preferred equity investment portfolio totaled$2.15 billion as ofSeptember 30, 2017 at a weighted average current yield of 9.2%.
Financing Highlights
-
Returned to the public unsecured debt markets with an issuance of
$500.0 million of 5-year, 3.25% senior unsecured notes. -
Together with our joint venture partner, closed on a
$1.2 billion refinancing of280 Park Avenue , which bears interest at a floating rate of 1.73% over LIBOR. The new loan matures in 2024, as extended, and replaces the previous$900.0 million of indebtedness on the property. -
In conjunction with our acquisition of an interest in
Worldwide Plaza , together with our joint venture partners, closed on a$1.2 billion financing of the property. The new loan has a term of 10 years and carries a fixed interest rate of 3.98%. -
Together with our joint venture partner, closed on a
$225.0 million refinancing of650 Fifth Avenue . The new mortgage has a 5-year term and carries a fixed interest rate of 4.539%.
Summary
The Company also reported net income attributable to common stockholders for the nine months ended
The Company reported funds from operations, or FFO, for the quarter ended
The Company also reported FFO for the nine months ended
All per share amounts in this press release are presented on a diluted basis.
Operating and Leasing Activity
For the quarter ended
Same-store cash NOI, including our share of same-store cash NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures, increased by 1.4% for the quarter ended
Same-store cash NOI, including our share of same-store cash NOI from unconsolidated joint ventures, increased by 1.3% for the nine months ended
In the third quarter, the Company signed 56 office leases in its
During the first nine months of 2017, the Company signed 145 office leases in its
Occupancy in the Company's
In the third quarter, the Company signed 20 office leases in its Suburban portfolio totaling 120,034 square feet. Eight leases comprising 45,241 square feet, representing office leases on space that had been occupied within the prior twelve months, are considered replacement leases on which mark-to-market is calculated. Those replacement leases had average starting rents of
During the first nine months of 2017, the Company signed 67 office leases in its Suburban portfolio totaling 425,872 square feet. Thirty-four leases comprising 188,712 square feet, representing office leases on space that had been occupied within the prior twelve months, are considered replacement leases on which mark-to-market is calculated. Those replacement leases had average starting rents of
Occupancy in the Company's Suburban same-store portfolio increased to 86.8% as of
Significant leases that were signed in the third quarter included:
-
New lease with Yelp Inc. for 39,565 square feet at
11 Madison Avenue , for 7.7 years; -
New lease with
Phillips Nizer LLP for 38,243 square feet at485 Lexington Avenue , for 10.7 years; -
New lease with Deutsche Zentral-Genossenschaftsbank and
DVB Bank SE for 35,382 square feet atOne Vanderbilt Avenue , for 15.0 years; -
New lease with
Markel Service Incorporated for 27,508 square feet at1185 Avenue of the Americas , for 10.4 years; -
New lease with
Cardinia Real Estate LLC for 23,800 square feet at1055 Washington Boulevard inStamford, Connecticut , for 11.0 years; -
New lease with
Josephson LLC for 22,742 square feet at3 Columbus Circle , for 16.5 years; -
Renewal with
Hoplite Capital Management LLC for 17,320 square feet at810 Seventh Avenue , for 5.1 years; -
Renewal with Commerzbank Aktiengesellschaft NY for 15,830 square feet at
1100 King Street -6 International Drive ,Rye Brook, New York , for 5.0 years;
Marketing, general and administrative, or MG&A, expenses for the three months ended
Investment Activity
During the third quarter, the Company repurchased 1.0 million shares of common stock under the previously announced
In October, the Company and private investment manager,
In October, the Company closed on the sale of
In September, the Company closed on the sale of its remaining 10% interest in
Debt and Preferred Equity Investment Activity
The carrying value of the Company's debt and preferred equity investment portfolio totaled
Financing Activity
In October, the Company returned to the public unsecured debt markets with an issuance of
In September, the Company, along with its joint venture partner, closed on the refinancing of
In August, the Company, along with its joint venture partner, closed on the refinancing of
In October, in conjunction with our acquisition of an interest in
Dividends
In the third quarter of 2017, the Company declared quarterly dividends on its outstanding common and preferred stock as follows:
-
$0.775 per share of common stock, which was paid onOctober 16, 2017 to shareholders of record on the close of business onOctober 2, 2017 ; and -
$0.40625 per share on the Company's 6.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock for the periodJuly 15, 2017 through and includingOctober 14, 2017 , which was paid onOctober 16, 2017 to shareholders of record on the close of business onOctober 2, 2017 , and reflects the regular quarterly dividend, which is the equivalent of an annualized dividend of$1.625 per share.
Annual
The Company will host its Annual Institutional Investor Conference on Monday, December 4, 2017 in New York City beginning at
Conference Call and Audio Webcast
The Company's executive management team, led by
The supplemental data will be available prior to the quarterly conference call in the Investors section of the
The live conference call will be webcast in listen-only mode in the Investors section of the
A replay of the call will be available 7 days after the call by dialing (855) 859-2056 using passcode 89375556. A webcast replay will also be available in the Investors section of the
Company Profile
To be added to the Company's distribution list or to obtain the latest news releases and other Company information, please visit our website at www.slgreen.com or contact Investor Relations at (212) 594-2700.
Disclaimers
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
During the quarterly conference call, the Company may discuss non-GAAP financial measures as defined by SEC Regulation G. In addition, the Company has used non-GAAP financial measures in this press release. A reconciliation of each non-GAAP financial measure and the comparable GAAP financial measure can be found in this release and in the Company's Supplemental Package.
Forward-looking Statement
This press release includes certain statements that may be deemed to be "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provisions thereof. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this press release that address activities, events or developments that we expect, believe or anticipate will or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and we caution you not to place undue reliance on such statements. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by the use of the words "may," "will," "should," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "believe," "intend," "project," "continue," or the negative of these words, or other similar words or terms.
Forward-looking statements contained in this press release are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by forward-looking statements made by us. Factors and risks to our business that could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements are described in our filings with the
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited and in thousands, except per share data) |
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Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||
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2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||||
Rental revenue, net | $ | 274,765 | $ | 281,482 | $ | 835,501 | $ | 1,043,898 | ||||||||||
Escalation and reimbursement | 44,749 | 53,130 | 131,561 | 147,357 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income | 47,820 | 75,396 | 148,741 | 174,347 | ||||||||||||||
Other income | 7,266 | 6,673 | 34,328 | 124,137 | ||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 374,600 | 416,681 | 1,150,131 | 1,489,739 | ||||||||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses, including related party expenses of |
75,927 | 79,425 | 221,285 | 234,269 | ||||||||||||||
Real estate taxes | 64,160 | 64,133 | 186,173 | 187,931 | ||||||||||||||
Ground rent | 8,307 | 8,338 | 24,923 | 24,953 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of interest income | 65,634 | 72,565 | 196,112 | 256,326 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 4,008 | 4,815 | 12,201 | 20,180 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 91,728 | 112,665 | 318,916 | 717,015 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction related costs | 186 | 2,593 | 365 | 5,987 | ||||||||||||||
Marketing, general and administrative | 23,963 | 25,458 | 72,362 | 73,974 | ||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 333,913 | 369,992 | 1,032,337 | 1,520,635 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) before equity in net income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures, equity in net gain on sale of interest in unconsolidated joint venture/real estate, gain (loss) on sale of real estate net, depreciable real estate reserves, and gain (loss) on sale of marketable securities | 40,687 | 46,689 | 117,794 | (30,896 | ) | |||||||||||||
Equity in net income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures | 4,078 | (3,968 | ) | 14,104 | 11,969 | |||||||||||||
Equity in net gain on sale of interest in unconsolidated joint venture/real estate | 1,030 | 225 | 16,166 | 43,588 | ||||||||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate, net | — | 397 | (3,256 | ) | 210,750 | |||||||||||||
Depreciable real estate reserves | — | — | (85,336 | ) | (10,387 | ) | ||||||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale of marketable securities | — | — | 3,262 | (83 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net income | 45,795 | 43,343 | 62,734 | 224,941 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the |
(1,812 | ) | (1,663 | ) | (2,707 | ) | (8,171 | ) | ||||||||||
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in other partnerships | 1,474 | (836 | ) | 18,179 | (6,245 | ) | ||||||||||||
Preferred unit distributions | (2,850 | ) | (2,854 | ) | (8,551 | ) | (8,382 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to SL Green | 42,607 | 37,990 | 69,655 | 202,143 | ||||||||||||||
Perpetual preferred stock dividends | (3,738 | ) | (3,738 | ) | (11,213 | ) | (11,213 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to SL Green common stockholders | $ | 38,869 | $ | 34,252 | $ | 58,442 | $ | 190,930 | ||||||||||
Earnings Per Share (EPS) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net income per share (Basic) | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.59 | $ | 1.91 | ||||||||||
Net income per share (Diluted) | $ | 0.40 | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.59 | $ | 1.90 | ||||||||||
Funds From Operations (FFO) | ||||||||||||||||||
FFO per share (Basic) | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.64 | $ | 4.86 | $ | 6.89 | ||||||||||
FFO per share (Diluted) | $ | 1.49 | $ | 1.63 | $ | 4.85 | $ | 6.86 | ||||||||||
Basic ownership interest |
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Weighted average REIT common shares for net income per share | 97,783 | 100,233 | 99,431 | 100,140 | ||||||||||||||
Weighted average partnership units held by noncontrolling interests | 4,543 | 4,497 | 4,570 | 4,272 | ||||||||||||||
Basic weighted average shares and units outstanding | 102,326 | 104,730 | 104,001 | 104,412 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted ownership interest |
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Weighted average REIT common share and common share equivalents | 98,027 | 100,646 | 99,710 | 100,489 | ||||||||||||||
Weighted average partnership units held by noncontrolling interests | 4,543 | 4,497 | 4,570 | 4,272 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted weighted average shares and units outstanding | 102,570 | 105,143 | 104,280 | 104,761 | ||||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except per share data) |
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2017 | 2016 | |||||||||
Assets | (Unaudited) | |||||||||
Commercial real estate properties, at cost: | ||||||||||
Land and land interests | $ | 2,917,993 | $ | 3,309,710 | ||||||
Building and improvements | 7,468,436 | 7,948,852 | ||||||||
Building leasehold and improvements | 1,444,698 | 1,437,325 | ||||||||
Properties under capital lease | 47,445 | 47,445 | ||||||||
11,878,572 | 12,743,332 | |||||||||
Less accumulated depreciation | (2,457,071 | ) | (2,264,694 | ) | ||||||
9,421,501 | 10,478,638 | |||||||||
Assets held for sale | 127,663 | — | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | 241,489 | 279,443 | ||||||||
Restricted cash | 107,763 | 90,524 | ||||||||
Investment in marketable securities | 28,802 | 85,110 | ||||||||
Tenant and other receivables, net of allowance of |
54,663 | 53,772 | ||||||||
Related party receivables | 24,068 | 15,856 | ||||||||
Deferred rents receivable, net of allowance of |
393,793 | 442,179 | ||||||||
Debt and preferred equity investments, net of discounts and deferred origination fees of |
2,020,739 | 1,640,412 | ||||||||
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures | 2,045,796 | 1,890,186 | ||||||||
Deferred costs, net | 247,981 | 267,600 | ||||||||
Other assets | 395,612 | 614,067 | ||||||||
Total assets | $ | 15,109,870 | $ | 15,857,787 | ||||||
Liabilities | ||||||||||
Mortgages and other loans payable | $ | 3,845,061 | $ | 4,140,712 | ||||||
Revolving credit facility | 280,000 | — | ||||||||
Unsecured term loan | 1,183,000 | 1,183,000 | ||||||||
Unsecured notes | 1,068,562 | 1,133,957 | ||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net | (52,667 | ) | (82,258 | ) | ||||||
Total debt, net of deferred financing costs | 6,323,956 | 6,375,411 | ||||||||
Accrued interest payable | 34,367 | 36,052 | ||||||||
Other liabilities | 96,818 | 212,493 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 144,767 | 190,583 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue | 252,779 | 217,955 | ||||||||
Capitalized lease obligations | 42,660 | 42,132 | ||||||||
Deferred land leases payable | 3,075 | 2,583 | ||||||||
Dividend and distributions payable | 85,007 | 87,271 | ||||||||
Security deposits | 68,465 | 66,504 | ||||||||
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | 1,141 | — | ||||||||
Junior subordinate deferrable interest debentures held by trusts that issued trust preferred securities | 100,000 | 100,000 | ||||||||
Total liabilities | 7,153,035 | 7,330,984 | ||||||||
Commitments and contingencies | — | — | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interest in the |
470,898 | 473,882 | ||||||||
Preferred units | 301,885 | 302,010 | ||||||||
Equity | ||||||||||
Stockholders' equity: | ||||||||||
Series I Preferred Stock, |
221,932 | 221,932 | ||||||||
Common stock, |
985 | 1,017 | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital | 5,294,500 | 5,624,545 | ||||||||
|
(124,049 | ) | (124,049 | ) | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 14,185 | 22,137 | ||||||||
Retained earnings | 1,410,332 | 1,578,893 | ||||||||
|
6,817,885 | 7,324,475 | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interests in other partnerships | 366,167 | 426,436 | ||||||||
Total equity | 7,184,052 | 7,750,911 | ||||||||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 15,109,870 | $ | 15,857,787 | ||||||
RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (unaudited and in thousands, except per share data) |
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Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||
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Funds From Operations (FFO) Reconciliation: |
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to SL Green common stockholders | $ | 38,869 | $ | 34,252 | $ | 58,442 | $ | 190,930 | ||||||||||
Add: |
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Depreciation and amortization | 91,728 | 112,665 | 318,916 | 717,015 | ||||||||||||||
Joint venture depreciation and noncontrolling interest adjustments | 23,517 | 23,349 | 72,936 | 42,191 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests | 338 | 2,499 | (15,472 | ) | 14,416 | |||||||||||||
Less: |
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Gain (loss) on sale of real estate | — | 397 | (3,256 | ) | 210,750 | |||||||||||||
Equity in net gain on sale of interest in unconsolidated joint venture/real estate | 1,030 | 225 | 16,166 | 43,588 | ||||||||||||||
Depreciable real estate reserve | — | — | (85,336 | ) | (10,387 | ) | ||||||||||||
Depreciation on non-rental real estate assets | 557 | 509 | 1,636 | 1,505 | ||||||||||||||
FFO attributable to SL Green common stockholders and noncontrolling interests | $ | 152,865 | $ | 171,634 | $ | 505,612 | $ | 719,096 | ||||||||||
Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||
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Operating income and Same-store NOI Reconciliation: |
2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 45,795 | $ | 43,343 | $ | 62,734 | $ | 224,941 | ||||||||||
Equity in net gain on sale of interest in unconsolidated joint venture/real estate | (1,030 | ) | (225 | ) | (16,166 | ) | (43,588 | ) | ||||||||||
(Gain) loss on sale of real estate, net | — | (397 | ) | 3,256 | (210,750 | ) | ||||||||||||
Depreciable real estate reserves | — | — | 85,336 | 10,387 | ||||||||||||||
(Gain) loss on sale of marketable securities | — | — | (3,262 | ) | 83 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 91,728 | 112,665 | 318,916 | 717,015 | ||||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of interest income | 65,634 | 72,565 | 196,112 | 256,326 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs | 4,008 | 4,815 | 12,201 | 20,180 | ||||||||||||||
Operating income | 206,135 | 232,766 | 659,127 | 974,594 | ||||||||||||||
Equity in net (income) loss from unconsolidated joint ventures | (4,078 | ) | 3,968 | (14,104 | ) | (11,969 | ) | |||||||||||
Marketing, general and administrative expense | 23,963 | 25,458 | 72,362 | 73,974 | ||||||||||||||
Transaction related costs, net | 186 | 2,593 | 365 | 5,987 | ||||||||||||||
Investment income | (47,820 | ) | (75,396 | ) | (148,741 | ) | (174,347 | ) | ||||||||||
Non-building revenue | (2,704 | ) | (2,566 | ) | (19,259 | ) | (5,998 | ) | ||||||||||
Net operating income (NOI) | 175,682 | 186,823 | 549,750 | 862,241 | ||||||||||||||
Equity in net income (loss) from unconsolidated joint ventures | 4,078 | (3,968 | ) | 14,104 | 11,969 | |||||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV depreciation and amortization | 28,819 | 23,515 | 91,320 | 53,915 | ||||||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV interest expense, net of interest income | 23,893 | 15,069 | 67,862 | 53,686 | ||||||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV amortization of deferred financing costs | 1,589 | 2,406 | 6,524 | 6,083 | ||||||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV loss on early extinguishment of debt | 3,819 | — | 3,819 | 972 | ||||||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV transaction related costs | — | 3,019 | 110 | 3,019 | ||||||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV investment income | (3,593 | ) | (4,601 | ) | (12,339 | ) | (11,700 | ) | ||||||||||
SLG share of unconsolidated JV non-building revenue | (906 | ) | (714 | ) | (2,984 | ) | (1,408 | ) | ||||||||||
NOI including SLG share of unconsolidated JVs | 233,381 | 221,549 | 718,166 | 978,777 | ||||||||||||||
NOI from other properties/affiliates | (28,017 | ) | (31,706 | ) | (95,531 | ) | (377,695 | ) | ||||||||||
Same-Store NOI | 205,364 | 189,843 | 622,635 | 601,082 | ||||||||||||||
Ground lease straight-line adjustment | 524 | 565 | 1,572 | 1,781 | ||||||||||||||
Straight-line and free rent | (9,855 | ) | (3,803 | ) | (30,308 | ) | (21,032 | ) | ||||||||||
Rental income - FAS 141 | (4,580 | ) | 2,704 | (13,832 | ) | (4,827 | ) | |||||||||||
Joint Venture straight-line and free rent | (2,614 | ) | (3,063 | ) | (7,657 | ) | (11,957 | ) | ||||||||||
Joint Venture rental income - FAS 141 | (357 | ) | (429 | ) | (1,245 | ) | (1,312 | ) | ||||||||||
Same-store cash NOI | $ | 188,482 | $ | 185,817 | $ | 571,165 | $ | 563,735 | ||||||||||
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES - DISCLOSURES
(unaudited and in thousands, except per share data)
Funds from Operations (FFO)
FFO is a widely recognized non-GAAP measure of REIT performance. The Company computes FFO in accordance with standards established by the
The Company presents FFO because it considers it an important supplemental measure of the Company's operating performance and believes that it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, particularly those that own and operate commercial office properties. The Company also uses FFO as one of several criteria to determine performance-based bonuses for members of its senior management. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions, and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. FFO does not represent cash generated from operating activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of the Company's financial performance or to cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of the Company's liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund the Company's cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.
Funds Available for Distribution (FAD)
FAD is a non-GAAP financial measure that is calculated as FFO plus non-real estate depreciation, allowance for straight line credit loss, adjustment for straight line ground rent, non-cash deferred compensation, and a pro-rata adjustment for FAD for SLG's unconsolidated JV, less straight line rental income, free rent net of amortization, second cycle tenant improvement and leasing costs, and recurring building improvements.
FAD is not intended to represent cash flow for the period and is not indicative of cash flow provided by operating activities as determined in accordance with GAAP. FAD is presented solely as a supplemental disclosure with respect to liquidity because the Company believes it provides useful information regarding the Company's ability to fund its dividends. Because all companies do not calculate FAD the same way, the presentation of FAD may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. FAD does not represent cash flow from operating, investing and finance activities in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of the Company's financial performance, as an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), or as a measure of the Company's liquidity.
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization for Real Estate (EBITDAre)
EBITDAre is a non-GAAP financial measure. The Company computes EBITDAre in accordance with standards established by the
The Company presents EBITDAre, because the Company believes that EBITDAre, along with cash flow from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities, provides investors with an additional indicator of the Company's ability to incur and service debt. EBITDAre should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP), as an indication of the Company's financial performance, as an alternative to net cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP), or as a measure of the Company's liquidity.
Net Operating Income (NOI) and Cash NOI
NOI is a non-GAAP financial measure that is calculated as operating income before transaction related costs, gains/losses on early extinguishment of debt, marketing general and administrative expenses and non-real estate revenue. Cash NOI is calculated by subtracting free rent (net of amortization), straight-line rent, FAS 141 rental income from NOI, while adding ground lease straight-line adjustment and the allowance for straight-line tenant credit loss.
The Company presents NOI and Cash NOI because the Company believes that these measures, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures and our reconciliations, provide investors with meaningful information regarding the operating performance of properties. When operating performance is compared across multiple periods, the investor is provided with information not immediately apparent from net income that is determined in accordance with GAAP. NOI and Cash NOI provide information on trends in the revenue generated and expenses incurred in operating our properties, unaffected by the cost of leverage, straight-line adjustments, depreciation, amortization, and other net income components. The Company uses these metrics internally as performance measures. None of these measures is an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) and same-store performance should not be considered an alternative to GAAP net income performance.
Debt to Market Capitalization Ratio
Debt to Market Capitalization is a non-GAAP measure that is calculated as the Company's estimated market value based upon the quarter-end trading price of the Company's common stock multiplied by all common shares and operating partnership units outstanding plus the face value of the Company's preferred equity divided by consolidated debt.
The Company presents the ratio of debt to market capitalization as a measure of the Company's leverage position relative to the Company's estimated market value. The Company believes this ratio may provide investors with another measure of the Company's current leverage position. The debt to market capitalization ratio should be used as one measure of the Company's leverage position, and this measure is commonly used in the REIT sector; however, such measure may not be comparable to those used by other REITs that do not compute such measure in the same manner. The debt to market capitalization ratio does not represent the Company's borrowing capacity and should not be considered an alternative measure to the Company's current lending arrangements.
Coverage Ratios
The Company presents fixed charge and debt service coverage ratios to provide a measure of the Company's financial flexibility to service current debt amortization, interest expense and ground rent from current cash net operating income. These coverage ratios represent a common measure of the Company's ability to service fixed cash payments; however, these ratios are not used as an alternative to cash flow from operating, financing and investing activities (determined in accordance with GAAP).
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